苏北山丘区典型次生林下土壤理化性质的对比分析

在苏北山丘区现存的6种典型次生林下设置8块测试样地,对各林分植被因子进行调查并对其林下土壤理化性质进行分析比较.结果表明,赤松(Pinus densiflora)林、黑松(Pinus thunbergii)林、侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)林以及刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)林多为纯林,是该山丘区主要的次生林类型;不同次生林下土壤平均硬度为(11.57±5.26)～(20.92±6.91) kg·cm-2;常绿针叶林下土壤容重、黏粒组成、田间持水量等指标均小于落叶阔叶林;常绿针叶林下土壤呈酸性,而落叶阔叶林下土壤呈弱碱性;刺槐林下土壤有机质、氮、磷等养分含量相对较高,供肥能力较强.     

丘陵林地土壤酸化改良剂的集中施用-自然扩散修复技术研究

丘陵林地土壤酸化修复在维持林地生态系统生产力稳定中具有重要地位.本试验通过在丘陵林地坡顶集中施用石灰、污水污泥和联合施用石灰+污水污泥3种土壤酸化改良剂,研究了3种改良剂对丘陵林地酸化土壤的修复效果.结果表明:①联合施用污水污泥+石灰能够显著(P<0.05)降低土壤酸度,促进土壤有机质和氮素含量快速上升,增加土壤阳离子交换量(CEC),从而有效改良丘陵林地酸化土壤;②土壤改良剂在丘陵林地上坡位集中施用,能够通过径流和泥沙随坡体向下坡迁移的自然扩散机制,使丘陵大面积酸化土壤得到修复;③将城市污水污泥用于丘陵酸化土壤的修复,有利于解决城市污水污泥的污染问题,但只限于非经济林酸化土壤的恢复.     

影响炼厂气脱硫效果的因素分析

结合生产情况对影响炼厂气脱硫效果的因素进行分析，重点阐述通过调整操作条件、改善胺液再生环境等措施，可提高LPG胺液脱H2S的效果，胺液脱硫后H2S含量小于5mg／m^3     

Land Degradation on Barren Hills: A Case Study in Northeast Vietnam

The term "barren hills" has been a keyword for land degradation in the uplands of Vietnam for over a decade. Nevertheless, the "barren" land is still not adequately ecologically characterized. In this work, we analyze land use-induced changes in vegetation and soil properties along a sequence of barren hills types formed on one physiotope. The study is undertaken in the Bac Kan province, one of the poorest upland regions where livestock plays an important role. A transition from an old-growth laurel forest to a sparse manmade grassland is characterized by a total of 177 species, rapid species turnover, and discrete dominants, and an overwhelming effect of disturbance history on both soil and vegetation patterning. Land degradation is most apparent in land use-induced maintenance of arrested successions, and the regeneration course is shifted towards drier formations. We hypothesize a conceptual model as an aid to understanding the process of early fallow differentiation in response to the patterned, fine-scale disturbances. The larger-scale implications of the observed trends in regeneration potentials deviation, and, in particular, the effect of water buffaloes in halting fallow successions, are discussed.     

Prospective changes in irrigation water requirements caused by agricultural expansion and climate changes in the eastern arc mountains of Kenya

Water resources and land use are closely linked with each other and with regional climate, assembling a very complex system. The understanding of the interconnecting relations involved in this system is an essential step for elaborating public policies that can effectively lead to the sustainable use of water resources. In this study, an integrated modelling framework was assembled in order to investigate potential impacts of agricultural expansion and climate changes on Irrigation Water Requirements (IWR) in the Taita Hills, Kenya. The framework comprised a land use change simulation model, a reference evapotranspiration model and synthetic precipitation datasets generated through a Monte Carlo simulation. In order to generate plausible climate change scenarios, outputs from General Climate Models were used as reference to perturbing the Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicate that throughout the next 20 years the low availability of arable lands in the hills will drive agricultural expansion to areas with higher IWR in the foothills. If current trends persist, agricultural areas will occupy roughly 60% of the study area by 2030. This expansion will increase by approximately 40% the annual water volume necessary for irrigation. Climate change may slightly decrease crops' IWR in April and November by 2030, while in May a small increase will likely be observed. The integrated assessment of these environmental changes allowed a clear identification of priority regions for land use allocation policies and water resources management.     

丘陵山地采煤地地表移动变形与裂缝特征相关性研究

在预测模型修正的基础上,运用地表变形预计系统对丘陵山区采煤地地表变形预测,通过对比分析预计裂缝结果和裂缝调查结果,分析裂缝与地表变形参数之间的相关性。研究结果发现,经过修正后的丘陵山地预测模型,预测结果与调查结果吻合;裂缝宽度与预计的水平变形值的相关性显著,而裂缝长度与预计水平变形值的的相关性不显著。     

江南丘陵红壤区的农业水资源特征与调控利用——以江西省余江县为例

农业水资源按分布空间分为大气降水、地表水、土壤水和地下水。江南丘陵红壤区的各类水资源特征是:大气降水丰沛而时空分配不均;地表水多而径流、蒸发量大;红壤贮水库容小、深层水多而有效性差;地下潜水较多而承压水少。针对上述特征,应因地制宜通过工程、生物、农艺措施进行水资源调控,针对“四水”进行人工降雨,地表水集蓄,增加土壤深层水、有效水利用和潜水开发等,以蓄丰补欠、趋利避害,提高水资源的利用率。