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2.
Libby Lester 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2016,10(6):791-802
ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the discursive struggle over the reach and containment of spectacle in environmental politics to provide (a) case study-based evidence of how, on one hand, transnationally shared environmental awareness and concern, emerging in part through spectacle, is translating into expectations of participation and demands for accountability, and (b) how this is already impacting the ways in which environmental politics is being understood and enacted locally, regionally and transnationally. Drawing on recent mediated debate over the Great Barrier Reef, it finds that while the transnational is clearly an ambition for environmental campaigners, and the perception that transnational publics are emerging is already impacting environmental politics, the potency of these publics and their capacity to meaningfully negotiate accountability is yet to be empirically confirmed. Nevertheless, measures to contain spectacle are providing a potency for a transnational public sphere, even if in reality it is still little more than a specter. 相似文献
3.
The radon isotope 222Rn and salinity in coastal surface water were mapped on regional scales, to improve the understanding of coastal processes and their spatial variability. Radon was measured with a surface-towed, continuously recording multi-detector setup on a moving vessel. Numerous processes and locations of land-ocean interaction along the Central Great Barrier Reef coastline were identified and interpreted based on the data collected. These included riverine fluxes, terrestrially-derived fresh submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and the tidal pumping of seawater through mangrove forests. Based on variations in the relationship of the tracers radon and salinity, some aspects of regional freshwater inputs to the coastal zone and to estuaries could be assessed. Concurrent mapping of radon and salinity allowed an efficient qualitative assessment of land-ocean interaction on various spatial and temporal scales, indicating that such surveys on coastal scales can be a useful tool to obtain an overview of SGD locations and processes. 相似文献
4.
Contaminants in the coastal karst aquifer system along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Metcalfe CD Beddows PA Bouchot GG Metcalfe TL Li H Van Lavieren H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(4):991-997
Intensive land development as a result of the rapidly growing tourism industry in the “Riviera Maya” region of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico may result in contamination of groundwater resources that eventually discharge into Caribbean coastal ecosystems. We deployed two types of passive sampling devices into groundwater flowing through cave systems below two communities to evaluate concentrations of contaminants and to indicate the possible sources. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products accumulated in the samplers could only have originated from domestic sewage. PAHs indicated contamination by runoff from highways and other impermeable surfaces and chlorophenoxy herbicides accumulated in samplers deployed near a golf course indicated that pesticide applications to turf are a source of contamination. Prevention and mitigation measures are needed to ensure that expanding development does not impact the marine environment and human health, thus damaging the tourism-based economy of the region. 相似文献
5.
S. M. Shafigullina 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2009,40(3):218-226
Interannual changes in geobiont and chortobiont abundance on the islands of Kuibyshev Reservoir are largely determined by flood conditions, because the seasonal average abundance of many taxa is negatively correlated to the water level in May and June. Floods influence the abundance of these animals both directly and indirectly, through biocenotic connections and some aspects of behavior. Long-term positive trends are observed in the abundance of many species. The hypothesis is proposed that this increase in the abundance of geobionts and chortobionts is a consequence of adaptation processes in these communities, which are stimulated by the flood regime of the reservoir. 相似文献
6.
Understanding local community attitudes toward industrial development in the Great Barrier Reef region World Heritage Area: are environmental impacts perceived to overshadow economic benefits?
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Claudia F. Benham 《Natural resources forum》2017,41(1):42-54
Conflicts between industrial development and environmental conservation can be particularly acute when such development occurs in the vicinity of World Heritage sites. A key example is the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA) in northeastern Australia, where a 2012 review by the World Heritage Council found that rapid port development inshore of the coral reef posed significant risks to local marine ecosystems. Such instances pose pressing challenges for decision‐makers seeking to manage World Heritage sites for multiple values and needs, including those of key stakeholder groups, such as local communities. There is increasingly a societal expectation that public decision‐making takes into account local views and priorities, and that companies seek a ‘social license to operate’. This research explored local community attitudes toward port development associated with the export of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and coal through the GBRWHA. Using data drawn from a survey and interviews, the research examined how a range of geographical factors, including proximity to gas infrastructure and the perceived impacts and risks of development to the local community, economy and environment shape community perceptions of the industry. Findings suggest that local attitudes toward gas and coal terminal development inshore of the GBRWHA are shaped predominantly by community perceptions of environmental impacts and risks associated with such infrastructure, in contrast to a broader public narrative that focuses largely on economic benefits. A complex combination of other factors, including social impacts, personal environmental values, community trust in industry, and equity in decision‐making and distribution of the risks and benefits of industrial development also contribute. Placed in a broader, global context, the findings have important implications for public decision‐making processes in Australia and elsewhere as they suggest that, for local communities, the perceived impacts of gas development on the environment may overshadow the benefits of industry. 相似文献
7.
Milani Y. Chaloupka 《Environmental management》1985,9(5):393-398
Marine product collecting permits are useful management tools for providing information on usage patterns. Unfortunately, usage parameters based on permit issuance are invariably inaccurate because of permit noncompliance. Since noncompliance is a prosecutable offense, any attempt to estimate the rate of noncompliance by direct survey techniques is met with misleading and evasive responses. It has been shown elsewhere that randomized response designs reduce survey response bias to incriminating questions by ensuring respondent anonymity. With the use of the randomized response survey technique, estimates of permit noncompliance were determined for the Capricornia Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Noncompliance with the requirement to obtain the prescribed permit was found to be low whereas, once a permit was obtained, noncompliance with specific permit conditions was considered high. Reasons for the high rate of noncompliance with specific conditions are presented, and it is recommended that marine park managers should not unreservedly base management decisions on usage data derived simply from permit issuance. 相似文献
8.
Since the end of the 1970s, the southern European countries have shown an exceptional reduction in fertility rate. From the
highest levels among the developed nations, these countries dropped beneath the substitution rate level: in Greece there is
an average of about 1.5 children per woman, and Italy (starting three to four years ago), with 1.3 children per woman, is
now the country with the lowest fecundity rate in the world. Land-use planning in southern European small islands therefore
requires substantial revision. In the areas where western civilization began, which are highly populated and have a long history,
cultural and ethnic aspects of tradition are fundamental to environmental management and to the defense of historical heritage.
They also place a strong value on sustaining tourism, the most relevant economic activity, that allows them to survive and
maintain a high welfare level. For some decades they have had populations with a marked presence of young people and high
emigration rates, but now they are fast becoming dominated by the elderly and must prepare for a period of fast reduction
in youth of the workforce, while the peripheral areas of Asia and Africa are entering a sudden demographic growth phase.
The demographic structure has also been deeply altered both by previous migrations and by random variations, as usually happens
in all small communities. Social services for younger and older people have had to be adapted rapidly, reorganizing high-school
management, hospital and health-care structures, in-house assistance, and so on. There is a need to rethink the job market
and favor the immigration of highly specialized workers, which is a necessity for technical evolution. Sustainable development
is constrained nowadays not only by the scarcity of natural resources, but also by the quality and quantity of human resources.
Proper policies for population and land-use planning are highly correlated factors; they have to be considered with respect
of these new, rapid demographic changes. 相似文献
9.
Several multicriteria evaluation techniques have been developed since the 1970s. The need to compare different territorial
policies has justified their introduction into environmental research. These methods are based on the numerical manipulation
of heterogeneous information, which varies in terms of reference scale and type of measure (continuous, ordinal, qualitative,
binary, etc.).
During recent years, diverse investigations have focused on general conditions on Salina, the “green island” of the Aeolian
archipelago. Such studies, within an interdisciplinary project, aimed to explore the possibility of implementing conservation
strategies that are compatible with human needs, landscape preservation, and sustainable economic development.
Three different evaluation techniques are applied, namely multicriteria weighted concordance and discordance analysis and
a qualitative procedure. They are used to compare four alternative plans for the socioeconomic development of Salina Island.
These plans lie between extreme alternatives: total protection of natural resources and maximizing economic development based
on tourism. The plans are compared to each other on the basis of 14 criteria that reflect the socioenvironmental perception
of Salina's inhabitants.
The approach used in this research seems particularly fruitful because of its flexibility: it offers decision makers the chance
to manage heterogeneous data and information that is not easily quantifiable. Such “soft” information helps to evaluate environmental
conditions more precisely, and to make a less damaging choice among alternative development plans. 相似文献
10.
For about 50 years the desertion of areas by traditional activities has led to an important evolution of landscapes and environments
on the island of Ouessant. The study of this evolution has been undertaken at different spatial and temporal scales. On one
part of the island, a scientific investigation carried out at the scale of the parcel enabled the form of the landscape in
1850 to be compared with that of 1985. On the whole island, the evolution of spatial organization and land use was compared
between 1950 and 1985. For each of three main ecological environments, vegetational successions after the decrease of agriculture
have been studied along with their future potential changes. This work highlights some considerations about the present management
of the environment in relation to the major objectives of island environmental policies. 相似文献