催化氧化—碱渣回流深度处理高浓度染料废水

在多种酸碱染料废水进行混合、中和的基础上,以铁屑为催化剂,H_2O_2为氧化剂,控制适当的pH,进行催化氧化,破坏染料分子结构,再辅以石灰碱渣回流中和,炉渣过滤,出水中有机质和色度均可大幅度下降,COD_(cr)的去除率>95％,色度去除率>99％。     

Adsorption of herbicide triclopyr on homoionic clays

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Polymer Supported Calix[4]Arene Derivatives for the Extraction of Metals and Dichromate Anions

Three newly synthesized polymer supported calix[4]arene ionophores (7–9) were synthesized, and their ion binding properties toward selected alkali (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cs⁺) and transition metal (Hg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺) cations were investigated. It has been observed that these ionophores are not selective toward a particular metal cation but show better ion binding property as compared to monomeric calixarene derivatives (2 and 6). Ionophore 6 and its supported polymer were also employed in dichromate anion extraction experiments. The polymeric ionophore (9) was found an effective extractant for dichromate anion even at pH 7.     

Basic features,conjunctive searches,and the confusion effect in predator–prey interactions

The confusion effect describes the observed decrease in the likelihood that a predator will successfully catch any prey when attacking larger groups of moving prey. We introduce readers to the work of cognitive psychologists interested in human visual attention who have been studying their own version of the confusion effect for many years, developing methods and concepts that may be of fundamental utility to behavioral ecologists. In psychology, ‘basic features’ are characteristics unique to a target object in the visual field that no distracter objects share. Images containing targets with basic features are often less likely to induce the confusion effect in human subjects. Target objects with conjunctions of features, on the other hand, have no individual characteristics unique from distracters, but unique characteristics in combination. Such targets more often induce the confusion effect in humans. We propose the ‘basic feature’ (vs. conjunctions of features) as a new organizing concept for studies on the occurrence of the confusion effect in nature, potentially allowing predictions about which types of prey groups are likely to induce the confusion effect in predators.     

Creating Defensible Space in the Wildland–Urban Interface: The Influence of Values on Perceptions and Behavior

We examined the effect that value orientation to forests and wildland fire management has on an individual’s decision to create defensible space around his or her residence in the wildland–urban interface. Using data from a mail-back questionnaire, respondents in north central Minnesota were clustered by basic value–laden beliefs toward forest and wildland fire management and compared across a number of perceptions and behaviors related to creating defensible space around residences. Value orientation groups differed in attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control toward creating defensible space. In addition, relative effects of these perceptions on intention to create defensible space differed across groups. Implications lie in (a) understanding differences in motivations and reasons for support of strategies for managing fires near the wildland–urban interface, (b) developing information designed to address the perspectives of different groups related to creating defensible space, and (c) contributing to an improved integration of land management and public concerns and interests.     

厦门市春季地面降水的物理与化学特征

1993年3月25日～4月8日,在厦门市后坑村完成了一次降水的物理与化学同步联合观测,分析了降水样品的pH值和离子化学组成?结果表明厦门市后坑村春季降水已被酸化,降水pH加权平均值是4。22?降水中主要离子是NH+4,Ca2+和SO2-₄?厦门市后坑村酸雨是硫酸型的,是由煤烟型大气污染造成的?降水的雨滴谱类型随雨强变化而不同,小雨时是单调递减型,雨强增大时,雨滴谱出现峰值?      

Releasing characteristics of phosphorus and other substances during thermal treatment of excess sludge

The releasing characteristics of phosphorus,nitrogen compounds,organics,and some metal cations during thermal treatment of excess sludge were investigated.It was found that during heating not only phosphorus,but also nitrogen compounds,organics,and some metal cations could be released in abundance.The maximum orthophosphate (ortho-P) release of about 90 mg/L in concentration was observed at 50℃in 1 h.Except for volatile fatty acids (VFAs),comparatively little total nitrogen (TN),total organic carbon (TOC),and metal cations were released at the same time.Such results might favor further process of phosphorus recovery.VFAs were considerably released only at 50℃.Acetic,butyric,and propionic acid were the most abundant components in turn and their releasing profiles exhibited good linear relationship with time (R~2=0.9977,0.9624,and 0.8908,respectively).The concentrations of Mg~(2 ) and K~ increased with time and temperature during thermal treatment,but Ca~(2 ) decreased.The release of Mg~(2 ) and K~ agreed well with TP release (R~2=0.9892 and 0.9476,respectively).Temperature in the experimental range had very little impact on the linear relationships, especially of Mg~(2 ).Moreover,the parameter of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) was found to be an important factor for thermal sludge treatment as the released ortho-P and total phosphorus (TP) at 50℃increased more than one-fold when MLSS was increased from 4000 to 8000 mg/L.     

Soil acidification and foliar nutrient status of Ontario's deciduous forest in 1986 and 2005

To assess the impacts of the decline in sulphur (S) deposition over the past 20 years in Ontario, soil chemistry and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) foliar chemistry were measured at 17 sites in south and central Ontario in 2005 and compared with archived samples collected in 1986. Foliar S concentrations were lower in 2005, reflecting the decline in S deposition whereas foliar N remained unchanged, reflecting the lack of change in N deposition in Ontario. Mineral soil pH, exchangeable base cations were lower in 2005 whereas total S, N and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were unchanged. Foliar concentrations of Ca were positively related to soil Ca levels in the A-horizon and were lower in 2005. Despite evidence of increasing soil acidity and losses of calcium, foliar base cation concentrations at most sites were adequate for sugar maple and forest health in terms of canopy appearance (Decline Index) improved.     

城镇生活垃圾转运技术的探讨

对垃圾转运系统的基本知识做了简要介绍,详细阐述了目前生活垃圾常用的转运模式,介绍了垃圾转运过程中的二次污染及控制技术,分析了现行主要的垃圾转运技术及其发展趋势。     

伤亡事故统计分析信息管理系统的开发

利用Visual Basic语言和Microsoft Access数据库相结合的技术,建立伤亡事故统计分析信息管理系统,对企业历年来发生的伤亡事故进行统计分析从而预防事故的发生.