Ecological restoration as a strategy for conserving biological diversity

Though the restoration of disturbed ecosystems has so far played a relatively modest role in the effort to conserve biological diversity, there are reasons to suspect that its role will increase and that its contribution to the maintenance of diversity will ultimately prove crucial as techniques are further refined and as pristine areas for preservation become scarcer and more expensive.It is now possible to restore a number of North American communities with some confidence. However, it should be noted that many current efforts to return degraded lands to productive use, like attempts to reclaim land disturbed by mining, try only for rehabilitation to a socially acceptable condition and fall considerably short of actually restoring a native ecological community.Possible uses for restoration in the conservation of biodiversity include not only the creation of habitat on derelict sites, but also techniques for enlarging and redesigning existing reserves. Restoration may even make it possible to move reserves entirely in response to long-term events, such as changes in climate. Restoration in the form of reintroduction of single species to preexisting or restored habitat is also a critical link in programs to conserve species ex situ in the expectation of eventually returning them to the wild. And restoration provides opportunities to increase diversity through activities as diverse as management of utility corridors, transportation rights-of-way, and parks.     

生物滤池处理矿区生活污水的影响因素研究

针对我国北方矿区低温低浓度生活污水的特点,采用混凝沉淀与生物滤池相结合的工艺进行试验研究,结果表明:该工艺通过负压实现无泵自冲洗,具有处理效果好、占地小、滤层阻力小、能耗低等优点,系统出水可以达到生活杂用水水质标准,完全可进行资源化回用.     

炼厂催化裂化废水SBR脱氮工艺研究

采用ＳＢＲ工艺对炼厂渣油催化裂化废水的脱氮效果进行了研究，结果表明，一个运行周期内，连续进水好氧－缺氧交替的方式可使ＴＮ去除率达到９２％以上。好氧－缺氧交替次数以３￣４次为宜，时间比为１．４￣１．６。     

微生物降解三氟甲苯的研究

从含氟有机物污染的污泥中分离出5株优势菌株。对5株菌株进行生物忍耐力和生物降解试验。结果表明，这些菌株在驯化之后对有毒底物有较强的的忍受能力，在有毒底物浓度为1000mg／L时仍然能生长。在15d内，菌株Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4对三氟甲苯的降解率分别可达到100％、98．55％、97．02％、98．07％，初步探讨了三氟甲苯生物降解的路径。     

污水中染料的生物毒性及其去除方法的研究

本文介绍了在实验室模拟条件下,利用蚕豆根尖的微核效应,分析了3种染料溶液及实际污水的生物毒性和它的去除方法。实验表明,这3种染料和实际污水都存在着生物毒性。在溶液 pH,温度,臭氧发生量一定条件下,3种染料溶液经臭氧氧化后,生物毒性去除率达56%以上,实际污水经臭氧处理后,生物毒性去除达31.09%。     

生物法治理燃煤电厂高pH值灰坝水

采用加丰、，接种驯化的微生物产酸和种养水生生物等技术降低燃煤电厂灰坝水的ｐＨ值。该技术经过一年多实际运行考察，说明处理后灰坝水的ｐＨ值，ＳＳ和ＣＯＤｃｒ等指标均符合ＧＢ８９７８－９６《污水综合排放标准》的要求，并且可用于养殖和农灌。     

Hotspots and trends of biological water treatment based on bibliometric review and patents analysis

In order to reveal the hotspots and trends of biological water treatment from the perspectives of scientific and technological innovation, both of the bibliometric review and patents analysis were performed in this study. The Web of Science Core Collection database and Derwent Innovation Index database recorded 30023 SCI papers and 50326 patents, respectively were analyzed via information visualization technology. The results showed that China ranked the first in both papers and patents, while the United States and Japan had advantages in papers and patents, respectively. It was concluded through literature metrology analysis that microbial population characteristics, biodegradation mechanism, toxicity analysis, nitrogen and phosphorus removal and biological treatment of micro-polluted wastewater were the research hotspots of SCI papers. Activated sludge process and anaerobic-aerobic combined process were the two mainstream technologies on the basis of patent technology classification analysis. Technology evolution path of biological water treatment was also elucidated in three stages based on the citation network analysis. Furthermore, the future directions including research on the law of interaction and regulation of biological phases and pollutants and the technology innovations towards the targeted biotransformation or selective biodegradation of pollutants and resource reuse of wastewater were prospected.     

固——流组合式生物反应器设备研究

将好氧流化床和厌氧固定床两种实用技术有机地结合起来，通过构造上的改进，使设备内部形成很宽的微生物生长环境，提高了设备内的生物种群和数量，从而达到提高处理效果的目的。该研究在设备内流态特征的示踪，对应氧分布及微生物观察，处理效果对比试验等工作的基础上，提出了一种处理负荷高、效果好的固－流组合式生物反应器。     

"共同体"范围扩展与环境权利体系--可持续发展研究

探讨了深入研究可持续发展的两个基本问题：主体范围问题，环境权利体系问题。与“人类中心论”认为道德只调整人与人之间关系不同，“生态中心论”认为起码应把受人类社会影响最大的一部分自然物与人的关系作为环境道德调整的直接客体，人类与这部分自然物构成社会的扩展体－“共同体”，环境权利体系则试图把环境权利内容扩展至生物多样性，赋予生物物种生存权利，主体范围和权利内容扩展的目的是确立可持续发展的权利体系。     

焦化废水生物脱氮试验研究

采用硝化与反硝化工艺进行焦化废水生物脱氮试验,结果表明:在控制一定的工艺参数条件下,可以将500mg·L-1左右的ρ(NH3-N)降至15mg·L-1以下,COD的去除率达85%。