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931.
Elena Lucchi 《Disasters》2010,34(4):973-995
Cities are fast becoming new territories of violence. 1 The humanitarian consequences of many criminally violent urban settings are comparable to those of more traditional wars, yet despite the intensity of the needs, humanitarian aid to such settings is limited. The way in which humanitarian needs are typically defined, fails to address the problems of these contexts, the suffering they produce and the populations affected. Distinctions between formal armed conflicts, regulated by international humanitarian law, and other violent settings, as well as those between emergency and developmental assistance, can lead to the neglect of populations in distress. It can take a lot of time and effort to access vulnerable communities and implement programmes in urban settings, but experience shows that it is possible to provide humanitarian assistance with a significant focus on the direct and indirect health consequences of violence outside a traditional conflict setting. This paper considers the situation of Port‐au‐Prince (Haiti), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and Guatemala City (Guatemala). 相似文献
932.
目前对于大型钢筋混凝土结构的动力分析研究中,结构动力模型试验与破坏试验仍然是了解结构非线形动力响应与地震破坏形态的一种重要手段。原型结构与模型结构之间各种力学和物理量的相似关系至关重要。本文结合三峡升船机抗震试验,首先介绍了原型基本概况,基于原型对模型进行了设计,给出相似性关系。根据需要研究的内容,给出了可实施的具体方案,包括准备阶段、弹性小震阶段、设计地震阶段和超设计地震阶段,并对加载的地震时程进行了设计。期望研究成果对今后开展大型钢筋混凝土结构的破坏试验工作有一定的指导和借鉴作用。 相似文献
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937.
Siamak Rajabi Keith W. Hipel D. Marc Kilgour 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2001,37(3):533-546
ABSTRACT: A new screening approach is applied to a large‐scale multiple criteria water management problem to remove actions that cannot possibly be in the best subset. An inherent advantage of the approach is its ability to identify inferior actions by examining them individually, rather than within subsets. In a case study involving the selection of actions to address high water levels in the Great Lakes‐St. Lawrence Basin, two statistical indicators, the mode and the mean, are used to aggregate the opinions of experts and representatives of interest groups on the impacts of actions according to various criteria. Application of the screening approach shows that some of the proposed actions can be removed as they can never be in the optimal subset, thereby reducing the size of the problem. 相似文献
938.
Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in step feeding biological
nitrogen removal process 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in step-feeding biological nitrogen removal process were investigated under different influent substrate concentrations and aeration flow rates.Biological occunenee of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was verified in the aspect of nitrogen mass balance and alkalinity.The experimental results also showed that there was a distinct linear relationship between simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and DO concentration under the conditions of low and high aeration flow rate.In each experimental run the floc sizes of activated sludge were also measured and the results showed that simultaneous nitrification and denitriflcation could occur with very small size of floc. 相似文献
939.
中国低碳城市发展影响因素分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目前,全国各地都在开展低碳城市建设,但是由于对"低碳城市"认识的不一致,导致了各地建设水平参差不齐。本文根据低碳城市的内涵和特点,识别出19个影响我国低碳城市发展的因素,分别从城市主体水平、发展结构水平和管理水平等角度进行分类说明。通过专家咨询法和建立解释结构模型(ISM),绘制出多级递阶结构图,理顺各因素间的结构关系,阐明了影响因素间内在关联性和层次性。研究结果显示,19个影响因素分为5个层次,其中政府和低碳城市标准位于最高层次,碳排放统计次之,它们是影响我国低碳城市发展的关键因素,并对其余因素产生直接或间接的影响作用。建议现阶段在推进我国低碳城市建设过程中,根据多级递阶结构图所示,采取"自上而下"的模式。当务之急,国家应尽快制定出台《低碳城市标准》,加快开展城市碳排放统计工作,而政府作为城市主体之一,是低碳城市建设的主要推动者和政策供给者,应充分发挥其领导力,使低碳城市建设走上系统化、制度化轨道。 相似文献
940.
Nolberto Munier 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2006,8(3):425-443
This paper presents a multicriteria method to treat difficult EIA problems where several alternatives or options are to be
gauged through many different types of criteria. To illustrate the method a case example for an urban road project is proposed
involving 14 criteria and comprising government, public opinion, social, environment, infrastructure and economic issues,
and in accordance with a chosen objective. This example tries to demonstrate that equilibrium can be reached between economic
growth and sustainable development. Although the proposed example as a whole does not depict a real life application, its
components have been tested in actual situations and in different countries.
Dichotomy: Division into two usually contradictory parts or opinions.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献