浅谈电镀清洁生产技术与管理

介绍了电镀行业的清洁生产技术与加强清洁生产管理。通过发展环保技术，从源头削减和技术改造来减少污染物的产生量，不断加强企业清洁生产管理，促进电镀行业实现社会效益、经济效益和环境效益的统一，走可持续发展的道路。     

纤维素废弃物水热处理制H2的研究进展

水热处理为纤维素废弃物资源化应用开辟了一条新的途径，文中就水热处理技术的特点、水热条件下纤维素的降解过程进行了介绍，并着重综述了纤维素废弃物水热制H2方面的研究进展，同时对纤维素及其废弃物的水热处理和资源化研究前景进行了展望。     

生物脱氮除磷工艺的研究进展

为遏制水体富营养化的恶化，氮，磷的排放标准日趋严格，生脱氮除磷工艺能有效地去除水体中的氮、磷。通过对现有的生物脱氮除磷传统工艺和新近发展工艺的介绍和分析，指出经济、高效、低能耗是其发展的方向，同时认为今后应加强对生物脱氮除磷机理更深入的研究，大力开发技术成熟，高效经济又符合我国国情的新工艺。     

COS,CS2 and SO2 in aluminium smelter exhaust

Measurements of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbondisulfide (CS₂) were carried out on samples drawn from a smoke stack of an aluminium smelter. Volume mixing ratios of 6 ppm COS and 0.1 ppm CS₂ were measured for gases from the electrolysis unit that had previously passed an Al₂O₃ fluid bed reactor and electrostatic precipitators. Specific emissions of 1.6 kg COS and 0.03 kg CS₂ per ton of primary aluminium were found. Extrapolating from this particular smelter’s conditions to a world mix specific COS emissions of about 4 kg/t(Al) are calculated resulting in emissions of annually 0.08 Tg COS into the atmosphere due to electrolytic aluminium production in 1995. Besides the photochemical conversion of anthropogenic CS₂ aluminium production is established to be the second major industrial source of COS probably exceeding automotive tire wear’s and coal combustion’s contributions.     

替代化工污染项目的清洁生产技术

在调研了上海化学工业生产技术的基础上，针对目前污染严重的一些生产工艺提出了可替代的清洁生产技术。在洁净煤、环氧丙烷、碳酸二甲酯、聚醚、异丙苯、丙烯腈、丙二醇醚等项目方面提出了相应的建议。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Juniperus oxycedrus</Emphasis> ssp.<Emphasis Type="Italic">macrocarpa</Emphasis> in SW Spain: Ecology and conservation problems

Woodlands of the Mediterranean speciesJuniperus oxycedrus ssp.macrocarpa (maritime juniper) are both vulnerable and ecologically important. Their ecology and biological status along the SW coast of Spain are not well known; this, the first major study of these juniper populations is a basis for future research and restoration policies. These communities are subject to harsh conditions, the plant composition being controlled by several factors at different scales. On a large scale, climate and soil texture play an important role in controlling the soil water availability to plants, and in separating xerophytic from mesic communities. On a small scale, coastal physiography, and substrate composition are related to differences in the floristic composition. Coastal plantations modify environmental conditions, such as sand mobility and salt spray deposition, inducing important changes in plant communities. The population of maritime juniper on this coast was estimated in ca. 25 000 individuals, of which 93.6% are concentrated in three locations. Large proportions of young individuals were found in extensive and protected populations. Howerver, adult individuals dominated the smaller populations located under pine plantations. This limitation of recruitment may be imposed by several factors. A male biased ratio was detected on the southern coast of Cádiz, which I hypothesize is due to the lower cost of pollen production in a stressful habitat. Preservation of suitable habitats, the recovery of abandoned pine plantations, and the connection between juniper populations, seem to be important requisites for the conservation of maritime juniper in the southwestern coast of Spain.     

酸雨对农业生产的影响及其对策

酸雨是严重的环境问题之一。我国南部地区已成为继欧洲、北美之后世界第三大酸雨区。酸雨对农业生态环境和农作物产量产生严重的影响,并带来巨大的经济损失。控制酸雨的危害．主要控制各种来源的ＳＯ２排放。文章根据农业可持续发展的战略思想,提出各种有效的防治对策。     

太湖水体光学特征及其对水中初级生产力的影响

对太湖梅梁湾水体实测结果表明 :在水体表面 ,UV -C的强度较小 ,只有 10 -5μE·m-2 ·s-1数量级 ;UV -B的强度随着波长的增加而呈现递增的趋势 ;UV -A的强度较强 ,达 10 -2 μE·m-2 ·s-1数量级 ,并且在水体中衰减较快 ,衰减系数 (Kd)可以达到 12 .5m-1。可见光在水体中Kd 可达 8.2m-1。在水下 0 .5m处 ,紫外线不足表面光强的 1% ,可见光是表面光强的 2 0 %左右。初级生产力在表面相对较小 ,在水下 0 .2m处最大 ,且随水深的增加而减少 ;在水体中直接测定发现 ,0 .2m处溶解氧值较高。初级生产力的这种分布是水体中紫外光与可见光共同作用的结果。     

上海化工原料与产品的清洁生产技术

在调研了上海化学工业生产工艺的基础上,结合将来上海化学的原料和产品,着重提出了一些清洁生产工艺的建议和规划。在异氰酸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、叔丁胺、苯胺、亚氨基二乙酸、碳四、苯二酚等项目方面提出了相应的建议。     

Analysis of fungal fruiting patterns at the Dawyck Botanic Garden

Since 1994 data on fungal fruiting have been gathered in the Dawyck Botanic Garden outside Edinburgh, including that for eight plots within a 7.5 ha wood, which has been left unmanaged in order to investigate relationships amongst fungal succession, habitat characteristics and local weather patterns. The climatic data are provided by a small meteorological station situated on site. To handle nearly 4000 entries of data so far collected a computer database was constructed. This assists querying of the information so that changes in fungal communities and patterns of succession can be observed, and the relevant data extracted for further analysis. To aid in this analysis, and to give the user full control over editing, updating and querying the database, a special computer program was compiled.Analysis of the database records revealed that the currently known Dawyck fungal community comprises over 620 different taxa, and the species list increases every year. Although some species of mycorrhizal fungi showed high specificity towards their preferred host either at species (e.g. Lactarius blennius with beech, Lactarius quietus with oak, Russula fellea and Russula mairei with beech), or at genus level (e.g. Suillus spp. with Pinaceae), some other common fungi (e.g. of the genus Amanita) were found to have very wide host ranges. In addition, unusual mycorrhizal associations have also been recorded. A lime tree (Tilia), which is supposedly primarily endomycorrhizal, has been found regularly associated with Russula cyanoxantha, Russula parazurea, Russula pectinata and Inocybe fastigiata. Many common Scottish fungi were found to be associated with introduced exotic trees, which is illustrated on the example of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas Fir).The software created utilises the Microsoft Office suite of programs. Microsoft Access was used to construct the database, and Microsoft Excel was used for statistical investigations. The software was programmed using Microsoft Visual Basic, and provided a means of extracting the necessary data stored in Access and controlling the formulae used in Excel for their analysis. The recorded seasonal patterns of fungal fruiting was successfully described by a simulation mathematical model comprising differential and algebraic equations. This model may now be used as a submodel within more complex models describing terrestrial ecosystem processes. Examples of model simulations and sensitivity analysis are given and implications for future research discussed.