Environmental awareness and biodiversity conservation among resettled communal farmers in Gwayi Valley Conservation Area,Zimbabwe

This study was conducted in Gwayi Valley Conservation Area in Zimbabwe. The objective was to evaluate the level of environmental awareness raising among rural communities resettled by government in a wildlife conservation area and their behavior and actions towards biodiversity conservation. We selected three communities based on the degree of exposure to environmental awareness campaigns by various government departments and non-governmental organizations. This formed a gradient of exposure to environmental awareness campaigns, ranging from the most accessible and exposed community (Hangano), moderately exposed (Gwayi) through to the least accessible and exposed community (Karna). We used focus group discussions, key informant interviews and structured interviews with 95 respondents in the selected communities from November 2016 to April 2017. Through public awareness raising, a number of conservation groups were established including fire and hunting committees, anti-poaching teams and environmental resource monitors. While these groups were found to be either inactive or less effective in Gwayi and Karna, all were found to be very active and effective in Hangano. Similarly, community behavior and actions that caused biodiversity loss such as indiscriminate cutting of live trees, poaching, streambank cultivation, fishing in rivers with nets and use of sledges were much reduced in Hangano than in Gwayi and Karna. Frequent environmental awareness campaigns played a critical role in promoting biodiversity in Hangano. We conclude that substantial gains can be made in environmental conservation by investing more in public awareness campaigns, particularly in developing countries such as Zimbabwe where financial resources for conservation are scarce.     

苯酚对两种微囊藻生长的作用效应

用不同浓度的苯酚处理无毒铜绿微囊藻和有毒铜绿微囊藻。结果显示不加苯酚处理时，有毒藻生长量明显高于无毒藻；100μg／mL的苯酚促进无毒藻生长而抑制有毒藻的生长；苯酚浓度增至200μg／mL，无毒藻的生长才受到抑制。高浓度苯酚胁迫下的藻细胞：光合速率大幅度降低；可溶性蛋白含量减少；细胞膜透性增大；超氧阴离子(O2^-)产生速率和丙二醛(MDA)相对含量升高；超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低。这些变化有毒藻较无毒藻更显著。表明：有毒微囊藻是水华中的优势种群；两种藻中有毒藻对苯酚的敏感性更大。     

一种新的好氧反硝化菌筛选方法的建立及新菌株的发现

利用间歇曝气富集,氰化钾(KCN)选择培养基筛选好氧反硝化的细菌,通过形态学特征、生理生化反应及16SrDNA同源性比较对筛得菌株进行鉴定,并对其好氧反硝化相关基因napA进行扩增并测序比较.筛选到一株可以柠檬酸钠为碳源,硝酸钾为氮源,进行好氧反硝化的细菌.在溶解氧(DO)为(9.0±0.5)mg/L的培养基中,该菌株5 d内将硝态氮由282.0 mg L-1降解至149.2 mg L-1,其硝态氮去除率为46.47 ng mg-1min-1,同时亚硝态氮仅有少量的积累.经鉴定,初步判定它为假单胞菌属,命名为Pseudomonas sp.Y2-1-1.从其基因组中扩增出与好氧反硝化相关的周质硝酸盐还原酶(NAR)的亚基napA基因,并与已报道的napA基因进行Blast比较,发现具有较大差别.利用间歇曝气富集,氰化钾(KCN)选择培养基筛选好氧反硝化的细菌是非常有效的.初步认为Pseudomonas sp.Y2-1-1是一株新的好氧反硝化菌.图6表3参12     

Neocembrene A, a major component of the trail-following pheromone in the genus Prorhinotermes (Insecta, Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae)

Summary. The diterpene neocembrene A or (1E,5E,9E,12R)-1,5,9-trimethyl-12-(1-methylethenyl)-1,5,9-cyclotetradecatriene, known as the trail-following pheromone of the advanced Termitidae Nasutitermitinae Nasutitermes exitiosus and Trinervitermes bettonianus, has been identified after SPME-GC/MS as the major component of the trail-following pheromone of the Rhinotermitidae Prorhinotermitinae, Prorhinotermes canalifrons and P. simplex. In all the other Rhinotermitidae studied until now, the major component of their trail pheromones is dodecatrienol ((3Z,6Z,8E)-dodeca-3,6,8-trien-1-ol). This biochemical data further add to the anatomical and molecular characteristics that give a special status to the taxon Prorhinotermes among Rhinotermitidae. In Prorhinotermes canalifrons and P. simplex, neocembrene A was the only secretory compound specific to the sternal gland surface that could be detected after SPME. It elicited orientation as well as recruitment behavioral effects. However, the comparison of the respective biological activities triggered by neocembrene A and by sternal gland secretion suggests that minor components of the latter are acting in synergy with neocembrene A.     

First trimester prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia A: Two years' experience

We evaluated the feasibility, reliability, and acceptability of prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia A by DNA analysis of chorionic villi. Twenty-two women at risk to transmit the abnormal gene were referred for prenatal diagnosis, two of them twice. Two of the 22 women appeared to be non-carriers by DNA analysis. In one of these women, the results were known only after chorionic villus sampling had been carried out. Thirteen of the twenty carriers were heterozygous for an intragenic (Bell or Xbal) marker; six women were only heterozygous for the extragenic DXS52 (Stl4) locus. One of the women was homozygous for all the presently known DNA markers within or closely linked with the factor VIII locus. Twelve of the 22 fetuses at risk were male, ten were female. Seven of the 12 male fetuses were shown to be affected and were subsequently aborted. Four male fetuses appeared to be not affected. In one case, the diagnosis was made by use of an extragenic marker. The woman rejected fetal blood sampling to confirm the diagnosis. After birth, a normal factor VIII level was found in three of the four cases. The fourth pregnancy is still continuing. In one of the 12 male fetuses, no diagnosis at the gene level was possible. DNA analysis is expected to provide maximum certainty as to the phenotype of the fetus for approximately 60 per cent of the women; for another 37 per cent a rate of misdiagnosis of 4–5 per cent applies. In only 3 per cent of the cases will no diagnosis at the gene level be possible as yet. The new possibility of a prenatal diagnosis in the first trimester of pregnancy enabled some of these women to have a family of their own and was appreciated in particular by the women who underwent fetoscopy in an earlier pregnancy.     

活性污泥二次污染问题的探讨(Ⅱ)

讨论了城市污水经过A／O工艺处理时活性污泥的二次污染问题。将原水、处理后的出水及活性污泥用甲苯萃取，萃取相经过真空浓缩后，采用GC／MS测定了样品中的有机化合物，结果表明，在A／O工艺处理城市污水过程中，活性污泥的吸附作用是主要的，降解作用是次要的；A／O工艺所排放的活性污泥仍然是一种危险的污染物。     

二步法腈纶生产废水的处理试验

本试验采用混凝 -A/O系统组合工艺处理二步法腈纶废水 ,该系统处理效果良好 ,出水水质符合排放标准 ,可直接排入水体。A/O系统试验装置总容积 80L ,水力停留时间 5 8— 70h ,缺氧池与好氧池的容积比为 1∶3 ,回流比 ( 2—3 )∶1,COD和BOD总去除率分别约为 84%和 98%。     

倒置A2/O污水处理工艺的特点及应用实例

传统A²/O工艺在保证脱氮效果的同时除磷效果往往不佳。在充分分析传统A²/O工艺的基础上，提出了将缺氧池置于厌氧池前面，厌氧池后设置好氧池的分点进水倒置A²/O工艺。某污水厂的现场试验表明，在COD去除能力与常规A²/O工艺相当的情况下，倒置A²/O工艺的脱氮除磷功能明显优于常规A²/O工艺。     

Study of oil-water partitioning of a chemical dispersant using an acute bioassay with marine crustaceans

The toxicity of seawater dispersions of a chemical dispersant to two marine crustaceans was investigated in the presence and absence of various quantities of a non-toxic mineral oil. From the results and a physical-chemical partitioning analysis, a limiting value of the oil-water partition coefficient of the toxic compounds is deduced suggesting that essentially all of the toxic compounds in the dispersant will partition into solution in water following dispersant application to an oil spill. This conclusion simplifies interpretation and prediction of the toxic effects of a dispersed oil spill.The combined bioassay-partitioning procedure may have applications to the study of the toxicity of other complex mixtures such as industrial effluents.     

A/O工艺处理城市生活工业综合污水的耐受性研究

针对目前城市污水处理厂进水水质以生活污水为主转向以难生物处理的工业废水为主的现状,进行了A/O工艺的耐受性试验.结果表明:随着工业废水比例的增加,厌氧、好氧污泥活性都显著下降,厌氧污泥的耐受性较高;随着运行时间的延长,两类污泥的活性逐步得到不同程度的恢复;工业废水比例越高,活性恢复所需时间越长;两类污泥的协同代谢作用保证了出水效果.A/O工艺所能耐受的进水中制药废水、印染废水和生活污水的分配比(体积比)为3∶3∶4.