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71.
Joseph N. Lekakis 《Environmental management》1998,22(1):1-8
/ Collaboration of countries with an aim to share fresh surface water resources promises to generate potential joint benefits. Unfortunately, existing agreements lack the perspective and capacity to produce any real action in efficient cross-border water allocation. When that problem is encountered by any two adjacent countries claiming riparian rights to the same watercourse, this paper suggests that apossible solution to be examined is a water market. This market requires the relevant countries to engage in a bargaining process as described in the theory of bilateral monopoly. The bargaining process should determine both the water quantity to be transferred and the price to be paid. However, there has to be a fair allocation of the joint benefits resulting from the transfer for a sustainable price solution. As an empirical illustration, the paper examines the case of river Nestos shared by Bulgaria and Greece in the southern Balkans. A net revenue function quadratic in water is specified and estimated using scarce data on three agricultural crops in Greece. Sensitivity analysis on the size and distribution of the net benefits is also performed.KEY WORDS: Bilateral agreements; Water markets; Efficient allocation 相似文献
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总量控制费用分摊的多目标规划模型及解法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章指出了污染物总量控制规划中公平合理分摊优化治理投资费用的重要性,分析了现有的优化治理投资费用分摊方法存在的问题,建立了公平合理分摊优化治理投资费用的多目标规划模型,提出用最短距离理想点法加以求解,并通过实例验证了该方法的合理性。结果表明该模型及解法既可以保证总量控制规划方案的社会整体效益最大,又不失公平,从而确保总量控制规划方案的顺利实施。 相似文献
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N. Anger B. Brouns J. Onigkeit 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2009,14(5):379-398
We investigate the role of domestic allowance allocation and global emissions constraints for the carbon-market impacts of
linking the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) internationally. Employing a quantitative simulation model of the global carbon
market, we find that the economic benefits from connecting the European ETS to emerging non-EU schemes strongly depend on
the regional allowance allocation of the linking participants: In a world of moderate carbon constraints, an economically
efficient regional allowance allocation induces a much stronger fall in total compliance costs than a sub-optimal (i.e. too
high) domestic allocation of emissions permits. However, a more efficient (i.e. stricter) allocation shifts abatement efforts
and compliance costs to energy-intensive industries which are covered by the domestic ETS. We further find that committing
to ambitious global emissions reduction targets (compatible with stabilizing CO2 concentrations at 450 ppm) induces much stronger regional abatement efforts and substantially higher compliance costs for
the abating regions. In such an ambitious climate policy regime, an efficient domestic allocation of allowances is even more
important from an economic perspective: Here, linking emissions trading schemes diminishes the associated compliance costs
on the largest scale.
相似文献
J. OnigkeitEmail: |
77.
Water Transactions for Streamflow Restoration,Water Supply Reliability,and Rural Economic Vitality in the Western United States
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Eloise Kendy Bruce Aylward Laura S. Ziemer Brian D. Richter Bonnie G. Colby Theodore E. Grantham Leslie Sanchez Will B. Dicharry Emily M. Powell Season Martin Peter W. Culp Leon F. Szeptycki Carrie V. Kappel 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(2):487-504
Across the western United States, environmental water transaction programs (EWTPs) restore environmental flows by acquiring water rights and incentivizing changes in water management. These programs have evolved over several decades, expanding from relatively simple two‐party transactions to multiobjective deals that simultaneously benefit the environment and multiple water‐using sectors. Such programs now represent an important water management tool and provide an impetus for collaboration among stakeholders; yet, most evaluations of their effectiveness focus exclusively on environmental outcomes, without adequate attention to impacts on other water users or local economies. To understand how these programs affect stakeholders, a systematic, multiobjective evaluation framework is needed. To meet this need, we developed a suite of environmental and socioeconomic indicators that can guide the design and track the implementation of water transaction portfolios, and we applied them to existing EWTPs in Oregon and Nevada. Application of the indicators quantifies impacts and helps practitioners design water transaction portfolios that avoid unintended consequences and generate mutually beneficial outcomes among environmental, agricultural, and municipal interests. 相似文献
78.
从资源的视角而言,水资源具有的社会、经济、生态属性中,社会属性和生态属性所提供的生态功能和服务多是外部性和非市场的,其价值在纯粹的市场驱动下难以充分实现。从资源管理视角而言,水资源多目标协同配置的实质是水资源多重属性功能和服务的均衡。因此,将具有外部性的社会、生态功能和服务与具有经济价值的功能和服务同时纳入配置框架,是实现多目标协同配置实践的关键问题。本文在回顾水资源配置和水资源非市场价值评估的相关研究的基础上,围绕我国现行水资源配置存在的主要问题,通过水资源的全价值(市场价值和非市场价值)将其多属性功能和公众意愿纳入水资源多目标协同配置中,从水资源管理信息系统、全价值评估和配置管理的绩效评价三个方面构建了水资源配置的多目标协同框架,最后提出相关的保障政策建议。 相似文献
79.
目前中国一些地区正在试点探索实施区域性排污交易项目。美国是世界上最早将排污交易理论付诸实践的国家,作为该国最早的区域性大气污染物排污交易计划之一,加州"区域清洁空气激励市场"项目自1994年开始运行。这一排污交易项目不仅实现了氮氧化物与硫氧化物减排目标,而且形成了相对健全的排污交易规则。"区域清洁空气激励市场"的总量控制机制、初始分配和交易规则与排污交易市场运行经验,对中国地方性排污交易项目设计具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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