澳门固体废物管理的经济价值评估——选择试验模型法和条件价值法的比较

以澳门固体废物管理为研究对象,比较研究了选择试验模型法和双边界二分式条件价值法在澳门环境物品经济价值评估中的应用.结果表明,应用选择试验模型法和双边界二分式条件价值法得出的澳门固体废物管理经济价值结果相差不大,但选择试验模型法比双边界二分式条件价值法能更充分地揭示出消费者的偏好信息.     

Analysis of the relations between circular economy and sustainable development goals

ABSTRACT

Since the United Nations approved the eight Millennium Development Goals in 2000 and, 15 years later, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the highest political institutions in the world have not stopped worrying about achieving the sustainability of the planet. Also in 2015, the European Commission prepared the European Union Action Plan for the Circular Economy, seeking a transition towards a less linear economy, in which products, materials, and resources are kept in the system for as long as possible and in which the generation of waste is minimized.

Since then, the European Union has continued issuing reports and communications to accelerate this process in search of a circular economy, making continuous references to the fact that, through circular economy initiatives, the SDGs would be fulfilled. In this context, the objectives of this paper are 1) to determine, through exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis, whether there is a statistically significant relationship between circular economy initiatives undertaken in the EU and compliance with the SDGs; 2) to check, through a cluster analysis, if there are homogeneous groups of countries worldwide in terms of compliance with the SDGs; and 3) using this same technique, to check whether the countries that make up the EU achieve similar results in terms of compliance with the SDGs.     

Modeling Water Quantity and Sulfate Concentrations in the Devils Lake Watershed Using Coupled SWAT and CE‐QUAL‐W2

Devils Lake is an endorheic lake in the Red River of the North basin in northeastern North Dakota. During the last two decades, the lake water level has risen by nearly 10 m, causing floods that have cost more than 1 billion USD in mitigation measures. Another increase of approximately 1.5 m in the lake water level would cause spillage into the Sheyenne River. To alleviate this potentially catastrophic spillage, two artificial outlets were constructed. However, the artificial drainage of water into the Sheyenne River raises water quality concerns because the Devils Lake water contains significantly higher concentrations of dissolved solids, particularly sulfate. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was coupled with the CE‐QUAL‐W2 model to simulate both water balance and sulfate concentrations in the lake. The SWAT model performed well in simulating daily flow in tributaries with E_NS > 0.5 and |PBIAS| < 25%, and reproduced the lake water level with a root mean square error of 0.35 m for the study period from 1995 to 2014. The water temperature and sulfate concentrations simulated by CE‐QUAL‐W2 for the lake are in general agreement with the field observations. The model results show that the operation of the two outlets since August 2005 has lowered the lake level by 0.70 m. Furthermore, the models show pumping water from the two outlets raises sulfate concentrations in the Sheyenne River from ~100 to >500 mg/L. Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.     

基于MFA的区域循环经济评价指标体系研究

物质流分析方法为资源、废弃物和环境管理提供了方法学上的决策支持工具,也为区域循环经济的评价与研究提供了新的思路。探讨了循环经济评价指标体系的构建原则,依据物质流分析方法,结合现实情况建立区域循环经济指标体系,并对主要指标进行分析,以期更好地推动城市循环经济的发展。     

基于CDs@MIL-101-NH2复合材料的水体铅离子荧光检测方法及效果分析

为探究CDs@MIL-101-NH₂对铅离子的荧光法检测性能及荧光淬灭机理,采用水热法制备了碳点(N, S, I-CDs)修饰MIL-101-NH₂(Fe)的复合材料,使用TEM、XRD、FT-IR、XPS对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明：采用水热法成功构建了CDs@MIL-101-NH₂复合材料,碳点的引入未对MIL-101-NH₂结构造成很大影响,且氨基修饰于MOF框架上;CDs@MIL-101-NH₂复合材料在激发波长为340 nm、发射波长为436 nm、材料的质量浓度为10 mg·L⁻¹、pH为7的条件下具有最佳荧光强度;CDs@MIL-101-NH₂荧光探针可对水体铅离子做出荧光响应,有较好的选择性,在1.22~500 µmol·L⁻¹内具有良好的拟合度(R²=0.998 8),检出限为1.22 µmol·L⁻¹;荧光探针与铅离子结合后发生荧光淬灭现象,可能是由于复合材料上的氨基与铅离子发生相互作用引起的,且荧光碳点修饰提高了MIL-101-NH₂检测水体铅离子的性能;在实际水样的铅离子检测中,样品回收率为97.24%~106.16%,相对标准偏差RSD<4%,说明这一新型的CDs@MIL-101-NH₂复合材料可用于荧光法检测水体中的铅离子。本研究结果可为灵敏高效的荧光探针的设计与制备提供一种新思路,亦可为便捷的原位检测铅离子荧光方法的进一步开发和应用提供参考。     

A numerical experiment for the simulating effects ofKuwait oil fire and volcanoes in Philippines andJapan on the general circulation and climate

ＡｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＫｕｗａｉｔｏｉｌｆｉｒｅａｎｄｖｏｌｃａｎｏｅｓｉｎＰｈｉｌｉｐｐｉｎｅｓａｎｄＪａｐａｎｏｎｔｈｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｌｉｍａｔｅＷ...     

某烷基苯厂F-101A加热炉炉管爆炸事故分析

本文针对某烷基苯厂F-101A加热炉炉管爆炸事故原因进行了深入分析,根据该起爆炸事故的伤亡情况、事故经济损失、事故现场建(构)筑物损害情况,应用蒸气云爆炸模型对该爆炸事故后果严重度进行了计算分析,计算结果与爆炸现场基本吻合,能比较客观地反映爆炸事故实际情况,可为该类事故原因分析提供借鉴.     

舰船环境工程管理模式研究

在对国、内外环境工程管理现状的分析和我国舰船行业环境工程管理的实际情况的调查研究的基础上,围绕型号研制单位横向职能机构与纵向型号环境工作系统间的关系,从解决舰船环境工程工作"两张皮"问题出发,探讨了舰船环境工程管理模式,提出了开展舰船环境工程管理新的管理模式——即开展"横向"立法、纵向运行的矩阵管理模式,以及基于并行工程的环境工程管理工作的实施措施等内容,从而为舰船装备研制过程环境工程管理工作提供参考。     

Longitudinal‐Vertical Hydrodynamic and Turbidity Simulations for Prediction of Dam Reconstruction Effects in Asian Monsoon Area1

Abstract: This research investigates possible impacts of enlarged water body according to dam reconstruction on the hydrodynamics and water quality of the reservoir using a laterally averaged, two‐dimensional hydrodynamic and transport model, CE‐QUAL‐W2. The lake was formed by the artificial dam in 1983 for agricultural water supply and is currently under consideration of reconstruction so as to expand the volume of reservoir for flood control as well as water supply in downstream areas. To calibrate and validate the model, field‐collected data were compared with model predictions for water level fluctuations and water temperature during the years of 2001 (from January to December) and 2003 (from March to November). The model results showed a good agreement with field measurements both in calibration and verification. Utilizing the model, impacts of dam reconstruction on the thermal hydrodynamics and turbid current were predicted. From the model results, dam reconstruction limited the depth of thermal stratification below 10 meter and formed steep temperature gradient between epilimnion and hypolimnion. The restricted thermal stratification persisted up to the end of September. This result indicated that thermal stratification would become stronger during summer and stay longer after dam reconstruction. In addition, the restricted thermal stratification caused vertical circulation of water mixing lower than 10 meter and isolated the upper water layer from the lower water layer which increased the volume of hypolimnetic water with low temperature. The vertical circulation near the surface also mitigated propagation of density plume within the depth of 10 m which would remain the hypolimnetic water clean.     

Culture,local capacity,and outside aid: a community perspective on disaster response after the 2009 tsunami in American Sāmoa

Research on diverse cultural contexts has indicated that aid organisations often fail to leverage local, culturally‐grounded resources and capacities in disaster‐affected communities. Case‐study methodology was employed to explore the relationship between local and external disaster response efforts in American Sāmoa following the earthquake and tsunami on 29 September 2009 in the southern Pacific Ocean, with a specific focus on the role of culture in defining that relationship. Interview and focus group data from 37 participants, along with observational data, suggested that the local response to the event was swift and grounded in Samoan cultural systems and norms. External aid was viewed as helpful in some respects, although, on the whole, it was seen as a disruption to village hierarchies, social networks, and local response efforts. The study discusses the implications for the role of outside aid in diverse cultural contexts, and makes suggestions for improving the ecological fit of post‐disaster interventions.