利用光微生物燃料电池实现养猪废水资源化利用研究

采用光合细菌和微藻分别作为阳极和阴极接种物构建了双室光微生物燃料电池,考察了氮、磷浓度及阳极处理后的养猪废水对阴极微藻生长的影响,探讨了构建的光微生物燃料电池产电性能及去除养猪废水中COD、氨氮和总磷的效果.结果表明,阴极微藻不仅能利用无机硝态氮和氨氮,而且更喜好有机氮尿素;此外,阴极微藻可适应较高浓度的氮(250 mg·L-1)和磷(64.8 mg·L-1).构建的光微生物燃料电池以养猪废水为基质,外载为1000Ω时,稳定输出电压为161 m V;养猪废水的COD、氨氮及总磷去除率分别为91.8%、90.2%和81.7%.养猪废水经阳极光合细菌处理后培养微藻16 d,藻细胞光密度(OD680)可达3.40,略低于对照BG11培养基.因此,构建的光微生物燃料电池在处理养猪废水产电的同时,可收获微藻实现养猪废水资源化.     

掺铁TiO2纳米管阵列模拟太阳光光电催化降解双酚A的研究

双酚A(BPA)是一种典型的内分泌干扰物,其处理技术的开发对环境治理和人类健康都非常重要.以氙灯为模拟太阳光光源,掺铁Ti O2纳米管阵列(Fe/TNA)为光阳极,对BPA进行光电催化降解实验研究.通过场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射以及紫外-可见漫反射表征Fe/TNA的形貌、物相和光吸收性能.结果表明,与纯Ti O2纳米管阵列(TNA)相比,Fe/TNA光吸收边界发生红移,在可见光区的吸收增强.考察Fe掺杂量、电流密度、不同阴极材料下曝气速率等因素对光电催化降解BPA的影响.结果表明,降解反应符合准一级反应动力学方程,在以0.9 mol·L-1Fe(NO3)3浸渍改性的Fe/TNA为光阳极、钛箔为阴极,电流密度为1.15 m A·cm-2的条件下反应4 h,10 mg·L-1BPA降解率可达72.3%,反应速率常数为5.32×10-3min-1,分别是以TNA为光阳极时的1.24倍和1.52倍;曝气可提升光电催化降解BPA的效果,以钛箔为阴极,曝气速率为1.0 L·min-1和以碳布为阴极,曝气速率为0.2 L·min-1条件下降解4 h,BPA的降解率分别可达82.7%和94.1%,反应速率常数分别为7.20×10-3min-1和11.6×10-3min-1.     

1株产电假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp.）RE7的分离及特性研究

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)阳极微生物的种类和作用机制对MFC的产电性能有着重要的影响.从已稳定运行1 a的MFC的阳极室分离得到1株电化学活性革兰氏阴性细菌——菌株RE7,其16S rRNA基因序列与Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CMG 587有99%同源性,属于假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）.利用菌株RE7构建的MFC的稳定产电和循环伏安曲线测定结果都表明,菌株RE7具有较强的电化学活性,利用菌株RE7构建的MFC的最大输出电压为352 mV,相应的最大面积功率密度为69.2 mW/m²,体积最大功率密度为6.2 W/m³.由不同稀释比例的MFC排出液的产电效果比较可知,菌株RE7极有可能是通过自身分泌的氧化还原类物质进行电子传递.     

TiO2 photocatalytic antifungal technique for crops diseases control

Introduction N um erous studies have utilized a strong oxidizing pow der of TiO 2 photocatalysts to degrade aqueous or gaseous toxic organic pollutants for w ater purification, w astew ater treatm ent and air pollution control (Fujishim a et al., 2001; K …     

Synchronization of amniotic fluid cells for high resolution cytogenetics

A high resolution technique was applied to amniotic fluid cells by synchronization. After inoculation, the cells were incubated for 30 h in the presence of either thymidine or 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). After removal of the blocking agent and addition of a low concentration of thymidine, the cells were incubated for another 6 1/2–7 h, then harvested in prometaphase without colcemid. This technique gives a mitotic index of 3·7 per cent after thymidine synchronization and of 3·2 per cent after BrdU synchronization, and more than half of the mitoses were in the earlier phases with the chromosomes showing more than 550 bands per haploid set. GBG, GTG, and RHG prometaphases are presented. Precise high-resolution banding of chromosomes of amniotic fluid cells can increase diagnostic accuracy.     

固定化细胞处理废水的关键性包埋技术条件研究

研究了以聚乙烯醇为主要包埋材料的混合载体，固定化细胞处理有机废水的关键性包埋技术条件，解决了妨碍固定化细胞在废水处理领域推广应用所的制备成球难，活性丧失大、易破碎、发胀粘连上浮等问题。     

Assessment of risks, implications, and opportunities of waterborne neurotoxic pesticides

Pesticides are a well-known family of chemicals that have contaminated water systems globally. Four common subfamilies of pesticides include organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and carbamate insecticides which have been shown to adversely affect the human nervous system. Studies have shown a link between pesticide exposure and decreased viability, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of murine neural stem cells. Besides human exposure directly through water systems, additional factors such as pesticide bioaccumulation, biomagnification and potential synergism due to co-exposure to other environmental contaminants must be considered. A possible avenue to investigate the molecular mechanisms and biomolecules impacted by the various classes of pesticides includes the field of -omics. Discovery of the precise molecular mechanisms behind pesticide-mediated neurodegenerative disorders may facilitate development of targeted therapeutics. Likewise, discovery of pesticide biodegradation pathways may enable novel approaches for water system bioremediation using genetically engineered microorganisms. In this mini-review, we discuss recently established harmful impacts of various categories of pesticides on the nervous system and the application of -omics field for discovery, validation, and mitigation of pesticide neurotoxicity.     

Application of recording films of solar radiation for environmental and ecological research

Global solar radiation is recorded by fading of the colored film into which azo-dye is impregnated with use of organic solvent. Oil Red O, Sudan I, Sudan IV and Pyridylazonaphthol are used as the azo dye. These films can be applied to measure the solar radiation in many kinds of environmental or ecological conditions. The merits of the film compared with usual measurements are to be: unnecessary of any electric sources; cheap and mass-productive easily; suitable to integrate solar radiation for long time; easy dealing in out-door or underwater conditions; possible to use on leaves of any plants because of light weight; possible to use in a lot of points at the same time.     

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency: Prenatal diagnosis and family studies

Prenatal diagnosis of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency and family studies were performed because of a severely affected first child in this family. The fetus at risk was found to be heterozygous as confirmed by the enzymatic activity assay performed several times after birth. In the father, MTHFR activity was normal in lymphocytes and decreased in fibroblasts, whereas in the asymptomatic mother, the activity was not detectable in fibroblasts and was very low in lymphocytes. The absence of any clinical symptoms in the mother despite a clear MTHFR deficiency and hyperhomocystinemia emphasizes the heterogeneity of this disease.