稻米品质温光潜势的估算及其在我国的地域分布

通过研究水稻灌浆结实期间温度、辐射和米质之间的关系,首先建立了米质温度函数。然后通过估算不同温度下由辐射引起的米质降解率,建立了米质辐射订正函数。将上述两函数结合,则可得估算一地米质气候资源潜力的米质温光潜势计算公式。利用该公式,估算了我国各稻区的米质温光潜势值。从潜势在全国的分布可以看出：我国米质气候资源对于米质优化具有普适性质；潜势因地域而异,具有空间分布上的不均衡性；潜势随季节有别,具有时间分布上的不均衡性；在地形复杂地区,潜势还呈现出多层次的垂直地带性结构特征。     

自焙槽烟气湿法净化回收料的综合利用

铝电解自焙槽烟气湿法净化回收料的技术迄今尚未见报导。为此针对该回收料的组成及浮选法综合利用工艺进行了研究。结果表明：浮选法能使净化回收料中的碳和电解质得以有效分离；浮选碳粉可用作自焙槽阳极配料，浮选电解质经６００℃焙烧后可再用作铝电解质。     

作物光温生产力模型及南方水稻适宜生长期的数值分析

发展了一个具有生物学基础的、兼具实用性和理论性的水稻生长模拟模型。它是在水肥适宜的条件下,以光、温因子模拟作物生长过程。其空间尺度是叶面水平的,时间尺度是逐时的,并且具有模拟冠层瞬时光合作用的能力。该模型由发育阶段、冠层光分布、冠层光合速率和叶面积指数增长等子模型组成。使用地理分期播种资料进行了检验,该模型可以解释在不同气候区域水稻干物质积累随生育期和播种期变化的９２５％～９５８％。使用常规气象资料,用数值方法研究了南京、长沙、广州和贵阳等地杂交水稻的气候生态适应性。模拟结果表明,贵阳气温低、生育期长,其中稻生育期内温度适中、光照较强,干物质生产力高。广州气温高,中稻、早稻生育期短,产量较低,因受低温的影响小,是晚稻的高产区。南京和长沙以在生长中后期能避开盛夏高温并能正常抽穗扬花的适播晚稻干物质产量较高     

Mid-trimester fetal sex determination from maternal peripheral blood by fluorescence in situ hybridization without enrichment of fetal cells

To determine the fetal sex on 30 women who were 16–20 weeks pregnant, about 100 000 maternal blood nucleated cells were analysed by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a Y-chromosome-specific DNA probe. Cells with the hybridization signal were detected in 12 of the 30 women. All the 12 mothers gave birth to a male child. Of the other 18 women who had no Y-positive cells in the peripheral blood, 14 gave birth to a female child and four gave birth to a male child. These false-negative results probably occurred because the number of cells examined was inadequate. The data obtained in this study suggest that fetal sex determination using maternal peripheral blood with FISH is possible and that this diagnostic method will be clinically useful when more cells are analysed.     

A misdiagnosis of X-linked adrenoleucodystrophy in cultured chorionic villus cells by the measurement of very long chain fatty acids

A case is reported of a male fetus at risk of X-linked adrenoleucodystrophy who showed a normal cultured chorionic villus cell very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) profile but at birth exhibited grossly abnormal plasma and cultured fibroblast VLCFAs. Maternal contamination or a sample mix-up was excluded by chromosome analysis and analysis of polymorphic markers. This is the second report of a fetus affected with this disorder who showed normal cultured chorionic villus cell VLCFAs. It highlights the importance of a proper audit of all prenatal diagnoses to evaluate method reliability.     

First trimester diagnosis of Gaucher disease in a fetus with trisomy 21

A 38-year-old lady, who had a previous infant with type 2 Gaucher disease, underwent prenatal diagnosis by chorionic villus sampling at 9 weeks' gestation. Results on the fresh villus revealed a 47,XY,+21 karyotype and a marked deficiency (2 per cent of control) of β-glucosidase activity. Following termination, villus material was cultured which initially revealed only a partial enzyme deficiency and a normal female karyotype, i.e., maternal cells. A subsequent culture contained 47,XY, + 21 cells which were deficient in β-glucosidase activity, thus confirming the diagnosis. The results in this interesting case illustrate the potential dangers of maternal cell contamination in cultured villus cells.     

Biologically effective radiation of solar ultraviolet radiation and the depletion of stratospheric ozone

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温度对GEO轨道太阳电池阵静电放电影响规律研究

由于GEO轨道空间环境的特殊性,温度、辐照电子能量和束流密度等环境因素会对处于该轨道的航天器太阳电池阵充放电效应造成影响,为掌握GEO轨道太阳电池阵静电放电影响规律,以航天器太阳电池阵为研究对象,对太阳电池阵机理和研究现状进行分析的基础上,设计了太阳电池阵静电放电试验电路,确定了太阳电池阵静电放电试验参数与试验程序,重点开展了一定电子能量和束流密度条件下环境温度因素对太阳电池阵静电放电特性试验研究,获得了环境因素对太阳电池阵静电放电的影响规律。研究表明,静电放电频率、放电电流幅值与环境温度相关,温度越高,放电频率越小,放电电流幅值相应减小,放电电流主要能量集中在10 MHz以下频段。研究成果可为航天器静电放电效应分析和防护设计提供参考。     

城市晴日太阳辐射的空间变化

１９９１年在济南市进行了两次太阳辐射强度的流动观测。对观测资料的分析表明，不仅市区的太阳辐射强度明显小于郊区，而且处于下风向的近郊区的太阳辐射强度也明显小于上风向郊区；市区内不同功能区的太阳辐射减弱程度不同，以工业区减弱最甚；太阳辐射强度的空间变化形式与城市功能区的布局密切相关。     

A human embryonic stem cell-based in vitro model revealed that ultrafine carbon particles may cause skin inflammation and psoriasis

Air pollution has been linked to many health issues,including skin conditions,especially in children.Among all the atmospheric pollutants,ultrafine particles have been deemed very dangerous since they can readily penetrate the lungs and skin,and be absorbed into the bloodstream.Here,we employed a human embryonic stem cell(h ESC)-based differentiation system towards keratinocytes,to test the effects of ultrafine carbon particles,which mimic ambient ultrafine particles,at environment related concentrations.We found that10 ng/mL to 10 μg/mL ultrafine carbon particles down-regulated the expression of the pluripotency marker SOX2 in h ESCs.Moreover,1 μg/mL to 10 μg/mL carbon particle treatments disrupted the keratinocyte differentiation,and up-regulated inflammationand psoriasis-related genes,such as IL-1β,IL-6,CXCL1,CXCL2,CXCL3,CCL20,CXCL8,and S100 A7 and S100 A9,respectively.Overall,our results provide a new insight into the potential developmental toxicity of atmospheric ultrafine particles.