Human bronchial epithelial cell injuries induced by fine particulate matter from sandstorm and non-sandstorm periods: Association with particle constituents

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the exacerbation of respiratory diseases following sandstorm-derived particulate matter(PM) exposure.The presence of anthropogenic and biological agents on the sandstorm PM and the escalation of PM 2.5 μm(PM2.5)pollution in China have led to serious concerns regarding the health effects of PM2.5during Asian sandstorms.We investigated how changes in PM2.5composition,as the weather transitioned towards a sandstorm,affected human airway epithelial cells.Six PM2.5samples covering two sandstorm events and their respective background and transition periods were collected in Baotou,an industrial city near the Gobi Desert in China.PM samples from all three periods had mild cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B,which was positively correlated with the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and several metals.All PM samples potently increased the release of interleukin-6(IL-6) and interleukin-8(IL-8).Endotoxin in all samples contributed significantly to the IL-6 response,with only a minor effect on IL-8.Cr was positively correlated with both IL-6 and IL-8 release,while Si was only associated with the increase of IL-6.Our study suggests that local agricultural and industrial surroundings in addition to the sandstorm play important roles in the respiratory effects of sandstorm-derived PM.     

上海气象参数与太阳活动和ENSO的关系

运用2进小波的分解与重构技术分析了太阳活动、厄尔尼诺—南方涛动(ENS0)与上海地区月降水量、月均气压和月均温度序列之间的可能关系。研究结果表明，在不同的时间尺度(频带)上太阳活动和ENS0对上海的月降水量、月均气压和月均温度有不同的影响；在某种程度上ENS0活动对上海月降水量和月均气温的影响强于太阳活动的影响。结果还清楚表明和证实了在不同频带上太阳活动与ENS0活动之间的密切联系。     

Performance analysis of different orc power plant configurations using solar and geothermal heat sources

ABSTRACT

Energy optimization is performed on hybrid solar-geothermal power plant working according to Organic Rankine Cycle and installed in southern Tunisia. The performances of four different configurations of the power plant are studied. Mass and energy balances are established for the different compounds. The effects of the main operating parameters such as the geothermal water temperature, ambient temperature and direct normal irradiation on the power plant performances are analyzed. A code is established using Engineering Equation Solver software (EES) to perform the required calculations. Obtained results show that the hybrid solar-geothermal power plant with a heat recovery system is the most suitable configuration design giving a better overall energy efficiency of 15.77 and13.11% and a maximum net power of 1089 and 1882 kW in winter and summer, respectively. However, in the summer season, using a heat recovery system can valuable only when the water temperature is higher than 66°C. For air-cooled condenser, the suitable condensing pressure is 1 bar in winter and 1.9 bars in summer.     

亚硝酸钠对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞侵袭能力的影响

为了研究亚硝酸钠对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞侵袭能力的影响,用0.25 mmol.L-1 亚硝酸钠孵育细胞48 h,然后收集细胞培养液上清.用人工基底膜包被的Transwell小室记录细胞侵袭能力,考马斯亮蓝及α-微管蛋白免疫荧光染色观察细胞骨架,western blot检测细胞基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）表达.结果显示,用亚硝酸钠孵育SMMC-7721细胞48 h,穿膜细胞为211.5±17.6个,较对照组176.3±15.5个具有显著性差异（P﹤0.05）;用亚硝酸钠孵育48h细胞培养液上清加无血清培养液组细胞穿膜数为165.12±7.90个,较无血清培养液阴性对照组30.32±11个明显增多（P﹤0.05）;细胞培养液上清加含10%牛血清白蛋白（FBS）组细胞穿膜数为186.73±9.41个,较单纯含10%FBS阳性对照组细胞穿膜数170.54±9.6个也增多（P﹤0.05）. 0.25 mmol.L-1 亚硝酸钠处理细胞48 h,细胞骨架微丝聚合呈应力纤维,沿细胞纵轴延伸,使细胞胞体伸长,微管蛋白聚合;MMP-2 和MMP-9蛋白表达增加.上述结果说明,亚硝酸钠通过诱导细胞骨架重排,促进人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞侵袭能力.     

TCDD对乳腺癌细胞端粒酶活性的影响

探讨了2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-ρ-二噁英(TCDD)在体外对雌激素依赖性乳腺癌细胞MCF-7端粒酶活性的影响.用0.5μmol·L-1的2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-ρ二噁英(TCDD)作用于MCF-7细胞,裂解后提取MCF.7细胞端粒酶.采用BCA方法定量蛋白、重复序列扩增-银染法检测端粒酶活性.结果表明.TCDD作用MCF-7细胞后,细胞端粒酶活性增强,且随作用时间端粒酶活性减弱,但明显高于对照组(P<0.05).结果表明:TCDD有显著增强MCF-7细胞端粒酶活性的作用.     

连城太阳能光伏产业发展现状与战略选择

太阳能光伏产业是21世纪备受世界各国重视的高新技术产业之一,拥有广阔发展前景,基于对太阳能光伏产业链、国内太阳能光伏产业现状的分析及连城太阳能光伏产业现状与面临挑战的分析,提出连城太阳能光伏产业发展战略。     

UV-C辐照抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的动态实验研究

以我国典型淡水水华藻种铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa905)为研究对象,采用推流式低压紫外灯反应器研究在动态条件下Ultraviolet-C(UV-C)辐照对蓝藻生长抑制作用的效果.对数培养期的蓝藻液流经反应器进行UV-C辐照处理,其后正常培养,在培养期2 h、1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、9 d分别取样,通过研究级倒置荧光显微镜在荧光视野下进行细胞计数.结果表明,辐照处理未引起铜绿微囊藻细胞的大量破裂死亡,36~115 mW.s.cm-2剂量范围的UV-C辐照能在9 d内有效抑制2.6×105~2.7×105cells.mL-1的铜绿微囊藻细胞密度增长,31~50 mW.s.cm-2剂量范围的UV-C辐照能在9d内有效抑制9.0×105~1.15×106cells.mL-1的铜绿微囊藻细胞密度增长.     

乙酸铅对PC12细胞形态的影响

为了从形态学角度研究铅诱导细胞凋亡的机制,用100 μmol·L-1乙酸铅对PC12细胞进行染毒24 h,检测细胞整体形态、细胞骨架和细胞超微结构的改变.实验结果显示:乙酸铅染毒24 h后.细胞整体形态和细胞骨架无明显改变.但电子显微镜下已出现细胞核固缩;线粒体肿胀、正常结构消失并伴有空泡化;胞内出现鼓泡等现象.结合前期研究结果,推测线粒体在铅诱导细胞凋亡中起了重要作用.而细胞骨架不参与此过程.     

甲基汞对未分化型PC12细胞的毒性机制

应用未分化型PC12细胞为体外模型,研究甲基汞对多巴胺能神经元的毒性作用机制.利用MTT法检测甲基汞的细胞毒性,Hoechst33258荧光染色观察细胞形态变化,流式细胞术定量分析细胞周期分布和凋亡比率,并进一步通过比色法评价各项氧化应激指标.结果显示,甲基汞以剂量依赖性方式降低了细胞存活率,干扰细胞周期,造成S期细胞阻滞,细胞出现典型的凋亡性死亡特征.另外,甲基汞暴露导致PC12细胞内O-.2、H2O2和·OH等活性氧含量急剧增加,脂质过氧化程度升高,且SOD、CAT和GSH-Px等抗氧化酶活性降低.因此,甲基汞对多巴胺能神经元具有强烈的毒性,毒性作用机制涉及到干扰细胞周期、诱导细胞凋亡和引发严重的氧化损伤.     

沿江化工园区污水处理厂出水对体外培养的大鼠睾丸细胞生殖毒性研究

应用基于原代培养的大鼠睾丸细胞体外毒性测试方法,通过支持细胞、生精细胞及间质细胞这3种细胞的形态、活力、胞外乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活力、细胞早期凋亡坏死率和睾酮分泌量等指标对沿江化工园区污水处理厂出水的生殖毒性进行了研究. 结果表明,新开发的沿江化工园区A和省级沿江化工园区B污水处理厂出水有机提取物浓缩后均能造成不同程度的大鼠睾丸细胞生殖毒性,园区A提取物能明显影响支持细胞（p<0.01）、生精细胞（p<0.05）和间质细胞（p<0.05）的细胞活力,影响支持细胞和生精细胞胞外LDH活力（p<0.01）,且其毒性明显高于园区B. 暴露导致支持细胞处于凋亡早期,而生精细胞比较敏感,已到了凋亡晚期甚至有小团细胞坏死,虽然间质细胞的形态没有显著变化但园区A有机提取物已明显抑制了间质细胞睾酮的分泌（p<0.01）. 研究表明,通过基于原代培养的大鼠睾丸细胞体外毒性测试方法能够对污水处理厂出水的生殖毒性做出综合评价,该方法可以作为现行国家污水综合排放化学监测的有效补充.