RS和GIS支持下的四川省生态环境状况评价

以四川省为例,利用RS和GIS技术及相关理论,建立区域生态环境综合评价指标体系与四川省生态环境本底数据库,采用国家环境监测总站2006年颁布的《生态环境状况评价技术规范》,建立生态环境质量评价模型,通过模型的空间叠加分析得到四川省生态环境状况综合评价结果,根据评价结果将四川生态环境分为5级,分级结果表明:四川省生态环境东部明显好于西部,盆地好于山区,三州地区生态环境压力大。这与四川各地的自然条件、气候条件、资源开发与利用等因素具有较好的相关性,也与实地考察和历史资料分析结果相吻合,表明评价模型是科学客观的。     

负载型TiO2-xNx的制备表征及可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝

以溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶,负载于玻璃微珠表面,在NH3气流中直接进行热处理,制备负载型掺氮纳米TiO2薄膜催化剂.选取亚甲基蓝为处理对象,结合对催化剂表面结构、晶型和紫外可见吸收的表征,对制备的催化剂进行评价.结果表明,450℃下焙烧3 h所制备的负载型催化剂为锐态矿相;可见光的范围拓展到700 nm左右;负载均...     

聚丙烯酸钠薄膜/K^＋交换玻璃光波导元件的研制及其对苯乙烯蒸气的气敏性研究

采用低分子量聚丙烯酸钠作为敏感试剂,通过旋转涂胶法固定在钾离子交换玻璃光波导表面做成纳米级的薄膜,研制了低分子量聚丙烯酸钠薄膜/K＋离子交换玻璃光波导气敏元件.将该气敏元件固定在光波导气体检测系统中,对挥发性有机物蒸气进行检测.结果表明,室温下该气敏元件对苯乙烯蒸气具有较高的选择性响应,响应和恢复速度快（分别为6 s和...     

Photo-oxidation of NO using an exterior paint--screening of various commercial titania in powder pressed and paint films

The present work aims to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of photo-TiO(2) from various producers (Evonik, Kemira, Kronos, Millennium, Sachtleben and Tayca), in the form of powder pressed films and upon incorporation in a water-based paint, for outdoor NO abatement. The photocatalytic activity of the different samples was evaluated in terms of NO conversion and selectivity towards nitrite and nitrate ions following approximately the ISO 22197-1:2007(E) standard. The highest yields obtained for powder pressed films were achieved with VLP7000 (0.70), followed by VLP7101 (0.55) and UVLP7500 (0.55), all from Kronos. On the other hand, when incorporated in paint films, the highest yields were obtained with PC500 and PC105 from Millennium and UV100 from Sachtleben (ca. 0.15). The paint matrix plays an important role on the photocatalytic activity. In particular, the time for steady state is one or two orders of magnitude higher when the photocatalysts are incorporated in paint films in relation to the powder pressed films. The paint films were activated following the procedure recommended by the above-mentioned standard. However, the photocatalytic activity of films incorporating P25 (Evonik) was displayed only when higher power radiation and higher humidity conditions were used. This allowed for similar levels of photocatalytic activity as the other paint films.     

三峡水库典型消落带土壤DOM组分特征及其对有效态镉释放影响

重金属镉（Cd）是三峡水库蓄水后消落带土壤中主要的重金属污染物之一.为研究三峡水库反季节调蓄条件下溶解性有机质（DOM）对有效态Cd在土壤固-液相间释放行为及其再补给过程的影响,以三峡水库香溪河消落带为研究对象,分别于2019年10月和2020年10月采集土壤样品,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱技术和荧光区域积分法分析土壤DOM光谱特性,同时结合梯度扩散薄膜技术（DGT）和土壤扩散通量模型（DIFS）综合探究土壤有效态Cd及其释放动力学过程.此外,测定了消落带土壤基本理化特性以及土壤中Cd含量和赋存形态.结果表明,研究区土壤DOM以富里酸为主,腐殖质特征较弱,具有陆源为主和内源较弱的混合特征,与2019年相比,2020年土壤DOM中富里酸类物质占比更高;2019年和2020年土壤ω（Cd）平均值分别为（0.474±0.301） mg·kg^-1和（0.249±0.058） mg·kg^-1,土壤中Cd的赋存形态均以非残渣态为主;DGT测定结果显示2020年土壤中有效态Cd含量较2019年呈下降趋势,进一步通过DIFS模型拟合结果表明,土壤中Cd的吸附速率大于解吸速率,土壤对有效态Cd的再补给能力较弱,表明三峡消落带土壤中有效态Cd的潜在释放风险较低,低分子量DOM和DOM中富里酸类物质是抑制土壤中有效态Cd释放的重要因素.研究结果揭示了三峡水库水文情势变化下DOM对重金属Cd环境地球化学行为的影响,为三峡库区重金属污染防治提供科学理论依据.     

大尺度薄板激光焊接前后的弹性实验

研究了激光焊接对大尺度薄板弹性的影响。实验测试了焊接前后的弹性ˉ位移曲线。通过显著性检验 ,判断弹性改变是否发生。实验结果对汽车行业采用激光加工技术具有一定的参考意义。     

巢湖沉积物有效态磷与硫的DGT原位同步分析研究

沉积物有效态磷(P)与硫(S)的含量分布是影响湖泊营养元素循环和水体富营养化的重要因子.本文利用Zr O-Ag I薄膜梯度扩散技术(Zr O-Ag I DGT)原位同步获取了南淝河-巢湖沉积物中有效态P和S的高分辨分布信息.结果发现:绝大部分沉积物有效P和S自界面向下呈急剧升高趋势,并在50 mm深度内出现峰值;河道内沉积物有效P和S的含量高于湖体,且P在界面的表观释放通量明显高于湖体,表明河道沉积物是湖体P的输入源.部分采样点出现有效P与S同步变化的现象,两者具有显著相关性,证实沉积物内部P和S存在同步释放的规律.     

萃取浓缩-薄涂柱气相色谱法测定煤焦油废水中的联苯和菲

用苯萃取浓缩煤焦油废水中的联苯和菲，然后用薄涂柱气相色谱法进行测定。试验表明：该法具有色谱柱温低、快速、准确等特点。     

低透气性薄煤层煤与瓦斯共采技术研究

煤与瓦斯共采技术是煤矿绿色开采技术的重要组成部分之一.针对矿井煤层薄、煤层透气性低、煤层瓦斯含量低等特点,应用岩层移动理论和采空区瓦斯流动规律,研究了采场内卸压瓦斯的运移路径和富集区域,建立了矿井煤与瓦斯共采系统,采用了高位顶板穿层钻孔瓦斯抽采方法和老采空区瓦斯抽采方法等综合瓦斯抽采方法,降低了矿井瓦斯涌出量,消除了工作面瓦斯积聚现象,提高了矿井瓦斯抽采率和抽采浓度.在保障煤炭资源安全开采的前提下实现了瓦斯资源的安全、高效抽采.     

Moisture Sorption Characteristics of Microbially Produced Polysaccharide and Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends

Moisture sorption characteristics of microbial polysaccharide (Ps.C101) from Pseudomonas caryophilli and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blends have been carried out at 27°C for water activity from 0.1 to 0.9. The sorption data was used to fit six different sorption isotherm models proposed in literature. The model constants were determined by linear fitting of the sorption equations. The ranges of applicability of water activity for isotherm models reported in this paper lie in between 0.1 and 0.4 for Brunaur–Emmet–Teller (BET) model (monolayer), and in between 0.2 and 0.9 for other models. The value of the coefficient of determination (R² = 0.97 ± 0.02) confirms the applicability of the equations studied.