4株细菌处理乳品废水效果的比较研究

文章采用SBR工艺比较了4株细菌R-1,R-2,R-3和R-4处理乳品废水的效果。结果表明进水COD为395.55mg/L的乳品废水,水力停留时间(HRT)为24h,细菌直接处理乳品废水效果最佳菌株为R-1,废水COD去除率为44.3%;通过活性炭吸附后处理效果最佳菌株为R-1,废水COD去除率为69.06%;通过海藻酸钠包埋后4株细菌处理效果最佳菌株为R-1,废水COD去除率为71.12%。通过4株细菌处理乳品废水效果的比较,得出处理效果最佳的菌株为R-1,海藻酸钠包埋后的处理效果好于活性炭吸附,直接处理的效果最差。     

染料壳聚糖微球的制备及对Cr~(6+)的吸附研究

以反相悬浮交联法制备了壳聚糖微球载体(CS),并偶联染料配体(CibacronBlueF3GA),制得了染料亲和吸附剂(CB-CS)。通过扫描电镜对其进行表征,结果表明,该吸附剂粒径均匀,平均粒径在400μm左右,而且表面相当光滑;红外光谱数据证明染料配体的偶联是成功的。然后采用静态法研究了CB-CS树脂对废水中Cr6+的吸附性能。实验结果表明CB-CS树脂对Cr6+具有很好的吸附性能,吸附的最佳条件是:pH值3~4,吸附时间为80min。使用CB-CS树脂处理电镀废水中Cr6+,吸附率达到了96%,而且吸附后的CB-CS树脂可以再生使用。     

水解酸化-接触氧化法降解稠油废水的研究

对接触氧化工艺降解稠油废水进行了研究,通过选择性培养、筛选和驯化出降解菌进行反应器挂膜处理稠油废水试样。12h可以降解COD至100mg／L以下,降解率达到80％。提高了单纯用接触氧化法降解COD的能力,其中缺氧水解酸化达到了分解有机物大分子,提高可生化性的目的。     

逆电渗析反应器降解模拟甲基橙染料废水实验

利用逆电渗析（RED）技术可实现"废热治理废水"的目的.为探究RED反应器对染料废水的降解效果,构建了由40对膜构成的RED反应器.以NaCl水溶液作为工作溶液,甲基橙模拟废水作为降解对象,考察了废水流率、Cl^-浓度、Fe²⁺浓度、pH值、曝气流率和输出电流对模拟废水脱色率及COD去除率的影响.结果表明,对于RED反应器阳极回路印染废水,废水流率对其脱色率影响不大,但Cl^-浓度对其脱色率和COD去除率影响较大.对于RED反应器阴极回路印染废水,废水流率、Fe²⁺浓度、pH值和曝气流率均对其脱色率和COD去除率产生影响.当阳极回路废水氯盐浓度为0.5 mol·L^-1,阴极回路废水pH=2、Fe²⁺浓度为0.1 mmol·L^-1、曝气流率为600 mL·min^-1,两回路模拟废水流率均为82 mL·min^-1实验条件下,输出电流为0.25 A时,处理20 min后,阳/阴极回路模拟废水脱色率分别为99.9%和91.71%;处理80 min后,阳/阴极回路模拟废水COD去除率分别可达到52%和62%.     

Microbial fuel cell with three-dimensional electrodes for domestic wastewater treatment and electricity generation北大核心CSCD

A single chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) with three-dimensional electrodes packed bed carbon felts was developed to treat domestic wastewater while simultaneously generating electricity. The influence of batch and continuous operation mode on treatment effectiveness and electricity production of the MFC was investigated to provide a reference for the application of the MFC. The MFC with a total working volume of 1 440 mL was operated in the fed-batch mode for 5 d repeatedly three times, and then shifted to the continuous mode. During the testing of the continuous mode, wastewater was continuously pumped into the anode compartment at a flow rate of approximately 0.2 mL/min, resulting in a hydraulic retention time of 5 d. During the batch test, the MFC obtained 91.1% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 98.2% NH4 +-N removal, which accorded with the first criteria specified in the discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plants in China (GB18918-2002). A maximum power density of 27.88 mW/m3 was achieved at a 51 Ω external resistor. During the continuous test, the COD removal efficiencies ranged from 83.2% to 97.4%. The concentration of NH4 +-N gradually decreased within 5 d and was then maintained below 9.45 mg/L, thus an enhanced removal performance of NH4 +-N was acquired. However, a low removal efficiency of total nitrogen was observed owing to the accumulation of NO3 --N in the effluent since day 11. Additionally, the MFC continually generated electricity with a maximum power density of 582.5 mW/m3 and average output voltage of 0.087 7 V during the stable period in the continuous operation mode. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing showed that Thauera sp., Saprospiraceae-UN sp., and OPB56-UN sp. were identified as dominant populations. The results suggested that the organic matter associated with power generation was constantly utilized by the microorganisms in the reactor, which caused an excellent electricity generation performance during the continuous test. Therefore, the continuous operation mode could improve the low output voltage phenomenon in the MFC. Thauera sp., as a type of nitrate-reducing bacteria, was enriched in the autotrophic denitrifying microbial communities; therefore, bio-enrichment with denitrifying bacteria such as Thauera sp. could decrease the concentration of NO3 --N in the effluent during the continuous operation mode, which is expected to be an innovation for improvement of wastewater treatment. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Degradation of refractory organics in concentrated leachate by the Fenton process: Central composite design for process optimization

• 90% total COD, 95.3% inert COD and 97.2% UV₂₅₄ were removed. • High R² values (over 95%) for all responses were obtained with CCD. • Operational cost was calculated to be 0.238 €/g COD_removed for total COD removal. • Fenton oxidation was highly-efficient method for inert COD removal. • BOD₅/COD ratio of leachate concentrate raised from 0.04 to 0.4. The primary aim of this study is inert COD removal from leachate nanofiltration concentrate because of its high concentration of resistant organic pollutants. Within this framework, this study focuses on the treatability of leachate nanofiltration concentrate through Fenton oxidation and optimization of process parameters to reach the maximum pollutant removal by using response surface methodology (RSM). Initial pH, Fe²⁺ concentration, H₂O₂/Fe²⁺ molar ratio and oxidation time are selected as the independent variables, whereas total COD, color, inert COD and UV₂₅₄ removal are selected as the responses. According to the ANOVA results, the R² values of all responses are found to be over 95%. Under the optimum conditions determined by the model (pH: 3.99, Fe²⁺: 150 mmol/L, H₂O₂/Fe²⁺: 3.27 and oxidation time: 84.8 min), the maximum COD removal efficiency is determined as 91.4% by the model. The color, inert COD and UV₂₅₄ removal efficiencies are determined to be 99.9%, 97.2% and 99.5%, respectively, by the model, whereas the total COD, color, inert COD and UV₂₅₄ removal efficiencies are found respectively to be 90%, 96.5%, 95.3% and 97.2%, experimentally under the optimum operating conditions. The Fenton process improves the biodegradability of the leachate NF concentrate, increasing the BOD₅/COD ratio from the value of 0.04 to the value of 0.4. The operational cost of the process is calculated to be 0.238 €/g COD_removed. The results indicate that the Fenton oxidation process is an efficient and economical technology in improvement of the biological degradability of leachate nanofiltration concentrate and in removal of resistant organic pollutants.     

曝气-过滤一体化装置处理城市污水效果的研究

曝气-过滤一体化装置主要由生物反应器、慢性砂滤池及滤布组成。装置对城市污水的处理效果比较好,正常情况下,对COD和NH3-H去除率达90%以上,出水SS为零,出水浊度不超过6 NTU,但对总氮和总磷的去除率分别低于20%和16%,出水细菌总数超过6×104MPN/mL。     

焦作市某电厂粉煤灰堆放场引起岩溶地下水Cr6+污染的初步研究

结合焦作市某粉煤灰堆放场的水文地质情况,根据淋滤液中Cr^6＋离子析出过程,探讨了Cr^6＋离子对岩溶地下水的影响。利用数值模拟方法,进行了粉煤灰淋滤总量的估算,并对堆放场提出有关建议和措施。     

ICZS-活性污泥新技术处理CTMP废水的研究

探讨了ＩＣＺｓ－活性污泥生物系统在控制污泥膨胀过程中的影响因素及其处理效果。３个月的实验结果表明：当ＩＣＺｓ预反应段的条件控制在溶解氧小于０．０６ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ为７－７．６时,该生物系统能够有效控制污泥膨胀。ＩＣＺｓ－活性污泥生物系统具有高效去除污染物的能力。ＢＯＤ５,ＣＯＤ和ＴＳＳ总去除率的平均值分别高于９７％,８０％及９０％,其中仅ＩＣＺｓ段在预处理时间为２０ｍｉｎ时就能去除４９．０％－６２．     

Anaerobic treatment of fresh leachate from a municipal solid waste incinerator by upflow blanket filter reactor

This paper describes the feasibility of fresh leachate treatment by an upflow blanket filter (UBF). Through dilution and partial effluent recycling, the organic loading rates increased from 0.51 to 14.56 kg COD/(m³·d), meanwhile the corresponding hydraulic retention time decreased from 9.0 to 3.6 d. The reactor was able to achieve steady-state within 80 d. Based on the distribution of COD fluxes in the process, it was concluded that anabolism was the main pathway of COD removal in the initial phase (1–33 d), accounting for 57%–85% of total COD removed. As the anaerobic consortium of bacteria reached steady-state (after 70–86 d), the majority of COD removed was transformed into methane, because the specific methane yield was close to the theoretical value (0.36 L CH₄/(g COD_deg)).