区域旅游发展动力机制模式研究——以安徽省会经济圈为例

旅游发展动力机制研究一直是旅游学研究的热点,特别是关于区域旅游发展动力机制模式的研究更是旅游界以及各级政府、旅游规划部门等研究和关注的重点.通过对国内外旅游发展动力机制研究的综述以及旅游发展动力机制模式的评析总结的基础上提出了资源驱动型、经济驱动型、项目带动型、市场推动型、政策主动型、区域联动型等六类区域旅游发展动力机制模式,并以安徽省会经济圈为例进行了案例研究,提出了发展建议和对策.     

人力资本流动对地区经济增长差距的影响

由于具有不同教育背景和不同技术条件的劳动力对流入地经济增长的推动肯定是不相同的．因而我们有必要分别考察具有不同人力资本含量的劳动力对流入地经济增长的贡献。本文引入了一个包含异质型流动人口变量的函数。并对1985—1990年期间我国分地区流动人口的素质状况对地区经济增长的影响进行了研究。研究结果显示，在此期间．仅流动人口中的智力资本就为我国的经济增长带来了大约72．5亿元国民生产总值的价值；而分地区的研究结果显示．流动人口中的智力资本也极大地促进了东部地区和西部地区的经济增长。但是，对中部来说，在此期间的流动人口不管是从对劳动力数量的增长贡献上。还是从对本地区人力资本存量的增长贡献上，都对本地区经济增长产生了消极的影响。     

高真空击密法在京唐港首钢码头地基处理中的应用

高真空击密法是指通过真空排水-击密多遍循环,从而对淤泥粉质黏土进行地基处理的一种方法。通过工程实例,介绍了高真空击密法在京唐港首钢码头有限公司矿石、原辅料及成品泊位地基处理工程中的具体应用,并通过高真空击密法检测试验确定了地基处理施工参数,经处理后的地基增加了土体的密实度,表层形成了固结硬壳层,完成了大部分工前沉降,且地基承载力超过150kPa,能满足工程建设的要求。表明该地基处理方法在本工程中的应用是成功的,对类似工程具有重要的借鉴和推广意义。     

Developing inventory and monitoring programs based on multiple objectives

Resource inventory and monitoring (I&M) programs in national parks combine multiple objectives in order to create a plan of action over a finite time horizon. Because all program activities are constrained by time and money, it is critical to plan I&M activities that make the best use of available agency resources. However, multiple objectives complicate a relatively straightforward allocation process. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) offers a structure for multiobjective decision making so that decision-makers’ preferences can be formally incorporated in seeking potential solutions. Within the AHP, inventory and monitoring program objectives and decision criteria are organized into a hierarchy. Pairwise comparisons among decision elements at any level of the hierarchy provide a ratio scale ranking of those elements. The resulting priority values for all projects are used as each project’s contribution to the value of an overall I&M program. These priorities, along with budget and personnel constraints, are formulated as a zero/one integer programming problem that can be solved to select those projects that produce the best program. An extensive example illustrates how this approach is being applied to I&M projects in national parks in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The proposed planning process provides an analytical framework for multicriteria decisionmaking that is rational, consistent, explicit, and defensible.     

水质管理规划中BOD5响应矩阵的一种改型模式

本文推导对水质管理规划中经典BOD5响应矩阵的一种改型模式,并对数值例加以阐述.该模式以BOD5总量为控制对象,任一河流断面的BOD5输入量在此响应矩阵中仅出现一次,从而使响应关系由下三角矩阵改变为每一行均含三个变量的稀疏矩阵。这一改型不仅提高了计算速度,更重要的是,由于改型模式具有运输问题类型良好的特殊结构,可以方便地判断一个水质管理规划问题是否可行和给出可行的充分必要条件,这一特性具有较大的实际经济意义.改型模式与经典模式所需数据完全相同。      

Capital structure and asset utilization: the case of resource intensive industries

This research studies the relationship between the capital structure of a firm and its asset utilization rate in resource intensive industries. We study this issue from both private and public policy perspectives. From a private perspective, it's conceivable that a positive relationship may exist because a company is trying to increase its use of debt to effect a more efficient utilization of its assets. However, from a public policy perspective, finding a positive relationship between asset utilization and debt levels in natural resource sensitive industries may signal a sub-optimal exploitation of natural resources when debt levels rise. This research examines measures of leverage and asset utilization in firms from the mining, oil, and timber industries to determine whether the behavior alleged in the PALCO/MAXXAM case (an increased cutting rate to pay off junk bond financing) has been observed more systematically. We observe a positive relationship between leverage and asset utilization in all three industries when leverage is calculated using book value measures. When market value measures are used, this positive relationship no longer holds in the mining industry. Possible explanations for these results are offered.     

环境保护基础设施投资对经济增长的拉动表现

从理论和实践的角度阐明增加环境投入，加大环境保护基础设施建设投资不会阻碍经济发展，相反会刺激经济妄动和拉动经济增长。环境保护基础设施投资对经济增长的拉动表现主要在对市场的牵动，对结构的优化，对就业的吸纳，对可持续发展的推动等方面。     

首都国际机场移动源大气污染物排放清单研究

根据收集到的首都国际机场飞行区活动水平数据,采用适合估算各类移动源污染物排放量的方法和排放因子,建立了2013年首都国际机场移动源排放清单。结果表明,首都国际机场2013年移动源NO_x、CO、HC、SO2和PM_(2.5)排放总量为6 287.1 t、3 596.1 t、364.2t、373.4 t和185.0 t,分别占北京市各污染物总体排放的3.4%、0.3%、0.1%、0.4%和0.2%。其中非道路移动源是各污染物排放的最大贡献源,NO_x、CO、HC、SO2和PM_(2.5)排放量的90.7%、86.7%、79.4%、97.4%和81.3%来源于飞机,中型窄体客机及大型宽体客机贡献突出。相较而言,道路移动源排放比例较低,对HC、CO、PM_(2.5)和NO_x各污染物的贡献率为9.1%、8.6%、6.7%和4.4%。通过标准LTO循环方法估算飞机逐月排放,对LTO循环次数与各污染物排放量进行拟合,发现飞机排放的HC、CO、NO_x、SO2和LTO循环次数之间呈现较为明显的正相关关系,从而提出一种本地化的基于LTO循环次数估算飞机污染气体排放量的简单方法。此外,减少滑行时间可有效降低飞机在LTO循环过程中的污染物排放。     

Influence of "Holiday Tourism Circle of Beijing" on Chengde Tourism Spatial Alteration and Reconstruction

Chengde City, famous for its cultural sightseeing tourism industry, and is located in China's "Capital Holiday Tourism Circle". This location is advantageous, because of the recent boom in China's national tourism industry. This industry has gone through several structural and development changes with in the past several years. A result of these restructuring patterns is the great changes concerning competitive and cooperative relations among tourism destinations, which have precipitated the decline of the traditional sightseeing pattern.Northern China's "Capital Holiday Tourism Circle" is one of nine key areas within the Chinese tourism industry under development during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. In the present article the method of "Distance Decline of The Tourist Flow" was used to define the flow of tourists in the Capital Holiday Tourism Circle and its influence upon Chengde's tourism spatial distribution. 3 aspects will be discussed: (1) The transformation from sightseeing to leisure markets makes the change possible in Chengde's tourism spatial pattern. (2) The location advantage (adjacent to Beijing and Tianjin) also leads to the change in Chengde tourism spatial pattern. (3) The establishment of freeways also contributes to a great degrees of change.The rapid development of leisure tourism might lead to the change from nucleus model to a diversified one within Chengde's tourism. Specifically, Chengde is developing the tourism industry with the central heritage area as the nucleus and the northern forest,pasture,southern mountain, and rivers as its periphery.     

落实《水污染防治行动计划》投融资思路与建议——对《水污染防治行动计划》的解读

创新、拓宽水环境保护领域投融资渠道,是落实水污染防治行动计划、保障国家水安全的关键环节。研究结论表明,水污染防治领域成熟稳定的财政资金投入机制匮乏、中小环保企业水环境治理项目融资存在制约瓶颈、社会资本水污染治理投入盈利机制不健全等是关键制约因素。鉴于此,文章提出了落实《水污染防治行动计划》的投融资思路和具体建议:整合设立水污染防治专项资金以建立政府常态化投入机制,设立政府主导的环境保护基金以发挥财政资金引导作用,建立社会资本水污染防治项目资金投入回报机制以吸引社会资本投入,创新环境金融服务、发挥市场融资作用以提升水污染治理企业或项目融资能力。