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991.
This study investigated the presence of organochlorine pollutants in abiotic and biotic samples from Lake Como (Italy). DDTs and PCBs were found to be the major contaminants, ranging from 0.04 to 4.25 and from 0.25 to 40.8 μg/g lipid respectively. Evidence of biomagnification according to the trophic role of the investigated organisms was highlighted by means of Stable Isotope Analysis. A Trophic Magnification Factor (TMF) was calculated for the chemicals of interest and the applicability of the method for global use was confirmed. Statistically significant correlation has been found between the calculated trophic level and the concentrations of more lipophilic compounds, while for the less lipophilic (e.g., HCH, 3CBs) the relationship is no statistically significant and the TMF is close to 1.The role of the foraging area in affecting PCB and DDT concentrations within aquatic ecosystems has been highlighted by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). 相似文献
992.
Schwyzer I Kaegi R Sigg L Magrez A Nowack B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(6):1641-1648
The colloidal stability of dry and suspended carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the presence of amphiphilic compounds (i.e. natural organic matter or surfactants) at environmentally realistic concentrations was investigated over several days. The suspensions were analyzed for CNT concentration (UV-vis spectroscopy), particle size (nanoparticle tracking analysis), and CNT length and dispersion quality (TEM). When added in dry form, around 1% of the added CNTs remained suspended. Pre-dispersion in organic solvent or anionic detergent stabilized up to 65% of the added CNTs after 20 days of mild shaking and 5 days of settling. The initial state of the CNTs (dry vs. suspended) and the medium composition hence are critical determinants for the partitioning of CNTs between sediment and the water column. TEM analysis revealed that single suspended CNTs were present in all suspensions and that shaking and settling resulted in a fractionation of the CNTs with shorter CNTs remaining predominantly in suspension. 相似文献
993.
994.
995.
A study was begun in the winter of 2000–2001 and continued through the winter of 2001–2002 to examine air quality at the Green
Rock snowmobile staging area at 2,985 m elevation in the Snowy Range of Wyoming. The study was designed to evaluate the effects
of winter recreation snowmobile activity on air quality at this high elevation site by measuring levels of nitrogen oxides
(NO
x
, NO), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM10 mass). Snowmobile numbers were higher weekends than weekdays, but numbers were difficult to quantify with an infrared sensor.
Nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide were significantly higher weekends than weekdays. Ozone and particulate matter were not
significantly different during the weekend compared to weekdays. Air quality data during the summer was also compared to the
winter data. Carbon monoxide levels at the site were significantly higher during the winter than during the summer. Nitrogen
oxides and particulates were significantly higher during the summer compared to winter. Nevertheless, air pollutants were
well dispersed and diluted by strong winds common at the site, and it appears that snowmobile emissions did not have a significant
impact on air quality at this high elevation ecosystem. Pollutant concentrations were generally low both winter and summer.
In a separate study, water chemistry and snow density were measured from snow samples collected on and adjacent to a snowmobile
trail. Snow on the trail was significantly denser and significantly more acidic with significantly higher concentrations of
sodium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, fluoride, and sulfate than in snow off the trail. Snowmobile activity had no effect
on nitrate levels in snow. 相似文献
996.
997.
A/O工艺生物除磷和好氧反硝化效果及影响因素研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用A/O工艺处理低碳源城市污水,研究了生物除磷和好氧反硝化脱氮效果及其影响因素。试验结果表明:①磷的出水浓度低于0.8mg/L,去除率达到92%~98%;②影响好氧反硝化的主要因素为DO和HRT。当DO控制在2mg/L左右,HRT控制在6h时,好氧反硝化效果最好。增加了脱氮效率,减少了碳源和需氧量。NH4+-N去除率高达94%,总脱氮率可高达76%左右。 相似文献
998.
不同涂层电极和抑制剂对电化学氧化降解苯酚的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
采用热分解法和电沉积法2种工艺制得4个二氧化铅电极,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了电极表面形貌.以水杨酸(2-HBA)为捕获剂,用高效液相色谱仪测定羟基自由基与水杨酸的羟基化产物2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(2,5-DHBA)的量作为产生的羟基自由基的浓度.通过羟基自由基的浓度的测定和苯酚的降解,研究了不同涂层电极和抑制剂对电化学氧化对苯酚降解的影响.热分解电极、无掺杂电极、掺铋电极和掺镧电极产生羟基自由基的最大浓度分别为0.781、1.048、1.838、2.044 μmol/L,以这4个电极为阳极对苯酚进行电解, 1.5 h苯酚去除率分别为87.30%、93.55%、97.95%、98.70%,5 h TOC去除率分别为86.75%、94.26%、98.53%、99.60%;以掺镧电极为阳极,加入抑制剂CO2-3、PO3-4、CH3COO-产生的羟基自由基的最大浓度分别为无检出、0.170 μmol/L、0.270 μmol/L,对苯酚进行电解,5 h苯酚去除率分别为99.06%、99.98%、99.79%.电沉积法制得电极对苯酚的降解效果优于热分解法制得的电极,而掺杂的电极优于无掺杂的电极,掺镧电极对苯酚降解效果最好,抑制剂CO2-3、PO3-4、CH3COO-存在时会对苯酚的降解起到阻碍作用,CO2-3阻碍作用最强.不同制备方法和掺杂不同添加剂制得的电极的催化性能不同,对苯酚的降解效果也不同;羟基自由基的浓度越大,苯酚的降解效果越好,抑制剂捕获了产生的羟基自由基,不利于苯酚的降解. 相似文献
999.
二氧化碳灭火系统扑灭汽车发动机舱内火灾试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文使用二氧化碳灭火系统进行了汽车发动机舱火灾灭火试验,试验表明:系统采用闭式洒水喷头自动启动时,在风的作用下,火羽向风的下游偏移,可能导致下游的喷头启动,不能有效灭火.系统手动启动时,在发动机舱内部安装4个或者8个开式喷头,均能迅速扑灭汽车发动机舱火灾,且具有灭火时间短,灭火剂用量少,灭火效果好的特点. 相似文献
1000.
氧化物修饰电极降解有机污染物的电催化特性 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
采用高温热解氧化沉积法将金属氧化物SnO2, RuO2, Cr2O3, PdO修饰到钛基体表面,制备得到4种金属氧化物修饰电极.比较4种电极氧化降解苯、苯甲酸、苯酚、苯胺、硝基苯以及甲基橙染料6种有机污染物的氧化电流效率,结果表明,电极在各种介质中的析氧电位和氧化反应传递系数(β值)是衡量电极能否有效处理有机污染物废水的两个重要指标,其中SnO2电极的析氧电位最高,PbO电极的b值最大,SnO2电极的β 值次之.这为研制和筛选高效催化电极提供了理论依据. 相似文献