生物质环保能源产业链发展探讨

简述了生物质概念及生物质利用技术的概况,介绍了生物质(竹、木剩余物)气、炭、液、油四联产生物质能源利用产业链的发展思路,对生物质利用的市场应用及发展进行了分析预测。     

The adoption of green business practices among small US Midwestern manufacturing enterprises

Manufacturers around the world green their businesses for a variety of reasons, including competitiveness, social responsibility, and external stakeholder pressure. However, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are thought to lag behind larger ones in the adoption of green business practices. This paper explores the motivations for US Midwestern SMEs adopting a variety of green business practices, using a survey of 59 SMEs in the tool and die manufacturing industry. The majority of firms appear to be internally motivated to implement green practices – driven primarily by cost and competitiveness concerns, more than by social responsibility concerns. External coercive pressure from government or customers does not appear to be a significant motivation for these SMEs. However, informal pressure through government incentives and support programs, as well as mimetic pressure through peer learning via industry associations, appear to be more effective in helping these SMEs to further ‘go green.’     

投资激励视角下农产品供应链治理结构优化

本研究针对"公司+农户"型供应链面临的双边投资意愿不足的现实困境,论文尝试在不对称纳什谈判博弈和Stacklberg博弈的框架下,分析"公司+合作社+农户"型农产品供应链提升双边投资意愿的理论依据,从而为农产品供应链的治理结构优化提出政策建议。数理模型分析显示:1与"公司+农户"型供应链相比,"公司+合作社+农户"型供应链中的农户种植投资和公司销售投资的意愿均能得到提升。2"公司+合作社+农户"型供应链的农户利润水平与合作社谈判力正相关;当合作社具有相对较强的谈判力时,即使合作社规定的资本留存率较高,农户利润水平依然能够高于"公司+农户"型供应链。3当合作社谈判力在某一特定范围内时,公司与农户利润水平均能实现Pareto改进。4当考虑到公司和农户进行长期合作时,"公司+合作社+农户"型供应链中确保农户履约的保证金阈值显著低于"公司+农户"型供应链。最后,利用数值仿真分析了合作社谈判能力、资本留存率等因素对公司与农户利润水平的影响以及农户保证金阈值的变化。论文研究结果表明,由于农户和公司在"公司+合作社+农户"型供应链中的地位更为平等,合作社能够形成对于公司的制衡力量,这大大降低了农户进行种植投资后可能面临的"敲竹杠"风险,农户的种植投资意愿得到提升。当农户加大种植投资后,合格农产品产量将会提高,这反过来又会激励公司提升销售投资意愿来获得更多的利润。因此,我国未来农业产业化经营模式的制度创新必须以农民专业合作社的壮大为基础,大力发展"公司+合作社+农户"型供应链,这不仅有助于更好地保障农产品质量安全;也有助于让农户平等参与现代化进程,共同分享现代化成果。     

全产业链视角下建筑碳排放路径模拟:基于RICE-LEAP模型

从社会经济活动的角度出发,创新性地构建包含中国终端部门的新型综合评估模型—RICE-LEAP模型,并通过情景设置动态模拟2020~2050年建筑全产业链碳排放的发展路径及其结构性特征.结果表明:①与参考情景相比,考察期内1.5℃情景下中国碳排放总量的额外累计减排量将达到129.74Gt CO₂,而建筑全产业链碳排放的额外累计减排量为57.53Gt CO₂,占比44.28%.②建筑业是典型的“表观低碳、隐含高碳”的行业.建筑业直接碳排放占建筑物化碳排放的比例较小,仅占9.46%~11.75%.③3个动态情景下,建筑物化碳排放的下降速率均快于建筑运行碳排放.这是由于建筑物化碳排放主要依赖工业等终端部门的脱碳进程,在实现碳达峰过程中具有先发优势.④现阶段,建筑全产业链能耗仍以煤炭消费为主,但煤炭的消费占比在3个动态情景中均呈现出不同程度的下降,而电力的消费占比则呈现出明显的上升趋势.     

The contribution of non‐timber forest products towards sustainable rural development: The case of Candelilla wax from the Chihuahuan Desert in Mexico

The promotion of development projects based on the commercialization of non‐timber forest products has increased in recent decades, showing a positive contribution to rural development; yet it has led to controversial approaches in resource preservation. This paper examines the case of Candelilla wax from the Chihuahuan Desert in northern Mexico, identifying its potential contribution to poverty alleviation in marginal areas, and its unique opportunity to access potential markets of a wide variety of industries all around the world. In this paper, the authors base their analysis on three main aspects: social, economic and environmental. Potential benefits that could be obtained from the collaboration of private institutions, development organizations, policymakers and rural producers through integrated rural development projects are featured.     

混碱调控剩余污泥碱性发酵实现LDHs高效提取短链脂肪酸

氢氧化钙调控剩余污泥碱性发酵,可有效提高发酵液原位合成层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)提取短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的效率.本文拟利用氢氧化钙和氢氧化钠混碱调控剩余污泥碱性发酵,提高发酵过程SCFAs产量,进一步提高SCFAs提取效率.通过配置不同氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙混合比例的碱液,用于调控剩余污泥碱性发酵实验,发现混碱比例为25∶75时,可避免钙离子对污泥水解产酸影响,发酵液中SCFAs浓度达到6581.4 mg·L~(-1)(以每COD计,下同),是空白对照组(4179.4 mg·L~(-1))的1.6倍.同时,碱液提供的钙离子可将污泥发酵过程释放的无机阴离子去除,CO■、PO■浓度分别低至3.7 mmol·L~(-1)和0.5 mg·L~(-1).利用氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙调控剩余污泥进行混碱厌氧发酵,可有效提高SCFAs的产量,消除主要无机阴离子对发酵液原位合成层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)提取SCFAs的干扰,合成的LDHs中SCFAs的含量为52.3 mg·g~(-1) LDHs,是空白组(18.9 mg·g~(-1)LDHs)的2.8倍.     

An institutional theoretic investigation on the links between internationalization of Chinese manufacturers and their environmental supply chain management

Increased market internationalization with more and stricter environmental regulations in different countries has caused manufacturers to extend their environmental management practices to cover their supply chain partners. Thus, environmental supply chain management (ESCM) has become an important competitive and environmental strategy for manufacturers to pursue. China, as a global manufacturer, is also facing this balance of economic development with environmental protection. The literature remains unclear on whether internationalization is beneficial or costly when it comes to environmental management practices such as ESCM within China. Further insight into this issue will be useful for organizations in developing and emergent economies to more effectively prepare for internationalizing their operations and markets. Using internationalization drivers that propel the implementation of environmental management practices in the Chinese manufacturing industry, we applied cluster analysis to group a sample of 377 Chinese manufacturers surveyed in 2007 into three clusters: mature internationalization, emergent internationalization, and domestic-focused. Institutional theory within an internationalization context sets the theoretical foundation for evidence that the international environmentally oriented institutional drivers encountered are positively associated with the adoption of ESCM practices by Chinese manufacturers. We also find significant differences in the environmental, economic and operational performance outcomes across the three manufacturer clusters. We conclude that manufacturing organizations experiencing internationalization with a greater extent of adopting ESCM practices tend to perform better.     

A model for cost-benefit analysis of construction and demolition waste management throughout the waste chain

Economic instrument is indubitably perceived as effective for encouraging or forcing contractors to conduct environmentally friendly construction practices. Previous studies in relation to this topic mainly put emphasis on economic analysis of construction and demolition (C&D) waste management from a static point of view, which failed to consider its dynamics nature by integrating all essential activities throughout the waste chain. This paper is thus intended to highlight the dynamics and interrelationships of C&D waste management practices and analyze the cost-benefit of this process using a system dynamics approach. Data related to concrete and aggregate of a construction project in Shenzhen was collected for the application of the proposed model. The findings reveal that net benefits from conducting C&D waste management will occur, but a higher landfill charge will lead to a higher net benefit, as well as an earlier realization of the net benefit. In addition, the general public under a higher landfill charge will suffer from a higher environmental cost caused by illegal dumping. The simulation results also suggest that current regulation in Shenzhen should be promoted to facilitate a dramatic increase in net benefit from the implementation of C&D waste management. This research is of value in facilitating better understanding on the dynamics of C&D waste management activities throughout the waste chain, as well as providing a tool for simulating the cost-benefit of C&D waste management practices over the project duration.     

基于关系营销的旅行社供应链管理

通过对旅行社供应链管理特征和本质的研究,阐述了关系营销在旅行社供应链管理中的作用,指出关系营销能给旅行社供应链管理带来新的竞争优势.从转变思想观念、建立信用体系、实现信息化管理诸方面,详细论述了旅行社进行关系营销指导下的供应链管理的具体方法.     

公路滑坡灾害链式反应阶段性识别方法研究

为了对公路滑坡的发育阶段做出准确判别,研究了公路滑坡灾害发育的链式反应机理,将滑坡的发育阶段划分为3个阶段。采用广泛调研和专家咨询的技术手段,从发育阶段的表现特征中选定了滑坡识别的相关因素集和评分,在此基础上采用模糊数学的方法对公路滑坡灾害的发育阶段进行了识别,并在陕南公路滑坡调查中初步应用。