污泥型煤在链条炉的燃烧新探

推广工业型煤治理锅炉烟尘污染已有几十年的历史了,在一些地方推广力度不可谓不大,但至今未见有较大的突破。究其根本原因,主要是一般的工业型煤无法在占中小型锅炉保有量三分之二的链条炉上正常燃烧。在探讨一般工业型煤在链条锅炉中燃烧时遇到的问题,并分析了产生问题的原因,提出了在不改变锅炉结构和操作的前提下,应用黏合剂、配煤、成型等技术对煤炭进行加工,生产出与链条锅炉炉型相匹配的工业型煤,即用不规则的污泥固硫活性型煤解决这一问题的办法。     

生态工业园建设研究——基于与传统工业园差异上的论述

从建设的角度,生态工业园较传统工业园存在巨大差异性,它涉及：①企业生产链的构建和完善;②生态工业园与所在社区的共建;③公共服务平台的构建等传统工业园建设中未涉及或较少涉及的新领域。其目的是实现资源的最大利用与环境的最小污染。构建生态工业园需要宏观上的政府政策支持以及微观上的以政府占主导地位的各个生态工业园规划领导小组的具体实施。     

Backtracking and prospect on LNG supply chain safety

The safety issues of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in production, storage, loading/unloading, transportation/shipping, and re-gasification have became a major concern, since an accident in the LNG industry would be very costly. Understanding the threat of LNG not only contributes to the process safety and reliability in the research and development (R&D) system, but improves the efficiency of loss prevention, fire protection and emergency responses. As of April 2019, in order to obtain the present status and trend of LNG safety research, basing 1122 documents of the Web of Science database about safety research of LNG as a data source, CiteSpace and VOS viewer were used for network knowledge map analysis. A comprehensive knowledge map of LNG safety field was obtained from several research aspects including scientific research power, research hot spots and trends, research knowledge base and frontier. According to the study results, the development of LNG safety research was divided into four stages from 1970s to 2019, China and South Korea made a lot of contributions, and the United States is the most influential. Among them, the research from 2005 to 2019 was the most representative. Current research results indicate that a combination of Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) methodology and Dynamic Procedure for Atypical Scenarios Identification (DyPASI) will fully identify risks; The PHAST and TerEx programs quickly define safety zones. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package can provide accurate quantitative data for the study of LNG safety. Research on quantitative risk assessment (QRA) and LNG evaporated gas (BOG) has been a hot topic and trend in this field. The application of expansion foam in LNG accident mitigation covers most of the research content in this field, and the optimization of LNG liquefaction process has a great influence on this industry. As the international demand for LNG energy output increases, floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) will have considerable development, and increasingly researchers attach vital importance to the safety of LNG offshore production integrated unit.     

Antibiotic resistome mostly relates to bacterial taxonomy along a suburban transmission chain

• The α-diversities of resistome were lower in manure and compost than in soils. • There were significant correlations between the resistome and bacterial taxonomy. • Bacterial taxonomy was the highest in explaining resistome variances. Antibiotic resistance genes comprising antibiotic resistome are of great concern due to their increase in the environment. Recent evidence of shared resistomes between soils and animal husbandry has imposed potential risks to human health. However, the correlation between a given community’s resistome and bacterial taxonomic composition is controversial. Here, a transmission chain of resistomes from swine manure to compost and compost-amended soil were analyzed in five suburban areas of Beijing, China, with unamended agricultural soils as control soils. Antibiotic resistomes and bacterial taxonomic compositions were distinct between (I) manure and compost; and (II) compost-amended and control soils. In manure, compost, and compost-amended soils, the β-diversity of the resistome and bacterial taxonomic composition was significantly correlated, while no correlation was detected in control soils. Bacterial taxonomic composition explained 36.0% of total variations of the resistome composition, much higher than environmental factors. Together, those results demonstrated that antibiotic resistome was closely related to bacterial taxonomic composition along the suburban transmission chain.     

Mixed methodology to analyze the relationship between maturity of environmental management and the adoption of green supply chain management in Brazil

The aim of this research is to verify the relationship between the maturity levels of environmental management and the adoption of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices by electro-electronic companies in Brazil. In this work a two-phase research was conducted, with one quantitative and the other qualitative. The quantitative phase aimed to test whether a relationship between the maturity levels of environmental management and GSCM exists, while the qualitative phase tried to detail the characteristics of this relationship. The quantitative phase was conducted through a survey with 100 Brazilian electro-electronic companies and the collected data were processed using Structural Equation Modeling. For the qualitative phase, a multiple case study was conducted with three companies located in Brazil. The results indicate that: (1) The main hypothesis was confirmed and considered statistically valid, indicating that, indeed, the maturity level of environmental management influences the adoption of GSCM practices; (2) a coevolution tends to occur between the environmental maturity and the GSCM practices; that is, the more developed is the company's environmental management, more complex GSCM practices are adopted; and (3) the GSCM internal practices tend to present a greater relative adoption than the external practices; these external practices of GSCM tend to be adopted when the company is inserted in a higher environmental stage and/or operates under a scenario of stronger normative environmental pressure. By the way, this is the first research mixing survey and case studies on GSCM in Brazil.     

低碳产品、定向广告与供应链营销投资策略演化

在对定向广告影响低碳产品制造商、零售商的供应链营销投资策略及其竞争关系分析基本上,建立制造商主导的Stackelberg博弈模型,给出制造商、零售商不同投资策略组合下的支付矩阵,构建以促进低碳产品销售为目标的演化博弈模型,根据产品低碳度、差异化低碳产品,分析不同低碳产品供应链定向广告投资策略演化路径及稳定性,并利用Netlogo进行博弈双方策略演化仿真,揭示消费者低碳偏好度、广告效应因子、价格敏感系数对策略演化路径的影响规律.研究发现,在制造商、零售商有限理性下,成本共担契约不能促成双方定向广告投资合作;产品低碳度不同,低碳供应链演化均衡策略存在差异;与制造商相比,零售商投资定向广告可催生更大市场需求,更有利于低碳产品的普及和推广;对低碳度较高产品,消费者低碳偏好度、价格敏感系数与零售商投资意愿正相关,广告效应因子对零售商投资意愿的影响存在峰值,当广告效应因子在合适范围内时,零售商投资意愿最大.据此,提出了相应的管理启示和决策建议.     

台风持续影响下中山市大气O3污染过程分析

应用三维空气质量模型（Model-3/CMAQ）和积分过程速率（IPR）分析工具对2017年7月22~31日夏季4次台风持续影响下中山市7月首次出现的持续6d的O₃污染事件进行了详细分析,识别了O₃ 8h浓度最大值时段主导的大气物理过程和大气化学过程,并计算了不同源、汇过程对本地O₃浓度的贡献.研究结果表明,污染时段化学过程对O₃的源贡献高于非污染时段,化学过程贡献增加,说明光化学反应过程更加活跃;台风带来的外来气团经过上风向高污染物排放区域时,化学过程贡献显著上升,与非经过高污染物排放区域相比,污染时段的化学过程对中山市O₃源过程的浓度贡献高2.4%~6.5%;污染时段,水平输送对中山市大气O₃源过程的浓度贡献在56.6%~92.6%之间.因此,污染期间强化本地排放源的管控,减少O₃生成贡献的同时,结合区域气团路径分析,精准识别污染协同管控区域,上风向污染物高排放区域实施协同减排措施,实现区域联防联控.     

PCR技术检测水中轮状病毒的研究进展

聚合酶链式反应,即PCR(polymerase chain reaction)技术,是一种快速扩增DNA或cDNA序列的方法.水环境中的轮状病毒是导致世界范围内婴幼儿腹泻的主要原因,严重危害着水质安全和人类健康.建立和完善水中轮状病毒灵敏、快速的检测方法对预防和控制水体疾病的暴发具有重要的意义.随着分子生物学技术的发展,PCR及其衍生技术因其具有高度灵敏性、特异性和准确性等特点,成为检测水中轮状病毒最常用的方法.本文综述了利用RCR及其衍生技术,包括逆转录聚合酶链式反应、逆转录半巢式和巢式聚合酶链式反应、多重逆转录聚合酶链式反应、免疫聚合酶链式反应、与免疫磁珠分离相结合的聚合酶链式反应、与细胞培养相结合的聚合酶链式反应及实时定量聚合酶链式反应等,检测水环境中轮状病毒的研究进展,并分析了这些PCR技术在检测水环境中轮状病毒时存在的问题及其应用前景.     

免疫磁珠分离与实时定量PCR技术联合检测水中轮状病毒的研究

建立了一种免疫磁珠分离技术联合实时定量PCR快速定量检测水中轮状病毒的方法.通过制备能够分离水中轮状病毒的特异免疫磁珠,优化分离条件,建立了免疫磁珠分离前处理方法,并与逆转录、实时定量PCR结合,成功用于水中轮状病毒的检测.研究发现,在1 mL水样中加入10 μL轮状病毒免疫磁珠、0.25 μL Tween 20、孵育2 h可达到较好的分离效果;免疫磁珠可用于3%牛肉浸膏等常用病毒洗脱液中的轮状病毒的分离,表明该分离技术能与已有的病毒浓集方法良好地整合.免疫磁珠分离技术与实时定量PCR联合用于检测水中轮状病毒,全过程需时约5 h,检测限为1×10⁴　copies/mL(相当于3～4　PFU/mＬ),检测结果与细胞病变试验检测结果有良好的线性相关关系（R²=0.981 6）,表明其能较好地表征水样的病毒感染风险.对接种已知量的轮状病毒的污水处理厂二级出水、再生水、地表水、自来水等水样的实验表明,该法可用于各种水样中轮状病毒的检测.     

通用引物PCR方法在地表水病原菌检测中的应用

为了探索通用引物PCR方法在地表水病原细菌检测中的应用价值,利用16S rRNA基因的高度保守性,设计并合成细菌的通用引物,采用合成的引物扩增参考菌株及西安市区不同地表水样,并对PCR产物分别进行序列测定及序列同源性分析,同时检测水样中的细菌总数和粪大肠杆菌浓度.结果显示,通用引物扩增4种参考菌株,320 bp处均可得到清晰的电泳条带,其特异性通过序列测定及同源性分析得到进一步验证;通用引物PCR可检出250 ng/L的埃希氏大肠杆菌标准菌株DNA,其PCR检测的灵敏度可达0.275 CFU/mL;用通用引物对西安市区不同地表水样进行PCR扩增,其中■河、兴庆湖、大唐芙蓉园北湖、北石桥污水处理厂出水样品320 bp处都得到了清晰的电泳条带,而黑河水样没有条带;与之相对应的粪大肠杆菌群检测结果显示,只有北石桥污水处理厂出水和兴庆湖水样有粪大肠杆菌检出.