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421.
A series of pot experiments with Alternanthera philoxeroides, Typha latifolia, Sagittaria sagittifolia and Phragmites communis were conducted to assess the phosphorus depletion effect in the rhizosphere. The ratio of root to shoot, root morphology, phosphorus uptake efficiency and phosphorus utilization efficiency were analyzed. An obvious variation in phosphorus concentrations between the rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil was observed. The water-soluble P contents in the rhizosphere soil of A. philoxeroides, T. latifolia, S. sagittifolia and P. communis were reduced by 81%, 42%, 18% and 16%, respectively, compared with that in the non-rhizosphere soil. A. philoxeroides had the highest phosphorus uptake efficiency (1.32 mg/m), while T. latifolia achieved the effective phosphorus depletion by the strong rooting system and the high phosphorus uptake efficiency (0.52 mg/m). T. latifolia not only used phosphorus to produce biomass economically, but also adjusted carbon allocation to the roots to explore the soil for more available phosphorus. A. philoxeroides and T. latifolia were more effective in depleting phosphorus in the rhizosphere than S. sagittifolia and P. communis.  相似文献   
422.
To reveal the biological characteristics of urban forest soil and the effects of soil enzyme on soil fertility as well as the correlation between physicochemical properties and enzyme activities, 44 urban forest soil profiles in Nanjing were investigated. Basic soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were analyzed in the laboratory. Hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase were determined by potassium permanganate titration, TTC (C19H15N4·Cl) colorimetry, phenyl phosphate dinatrium colorimetry, and anthrone colorimetry, respectively. The result showed that soil pH, organic carbon (C), and total nitrogen (N) had great effects on hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in 0–20 cm thick soil. However, pH only had great effect on hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in 20–40 cm thick soil. Hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were important biological indicators for the fertility of urban forest soil. Both in 0–20 cmand 20–40 cmsoil, soil enzyme system (hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase) had a close relationship with a combination of physicochemical indicators (pH, organic C, total N, available K, available P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and microbial biomass carbon (Cmic)). The more soil enzyme activities there were, the higher the fertility of urban forest soil. __________ Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2007, 20(4): 4–6, 9 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态]  相似文献   
423.
热喷处理污泥及其复混肥的养分效率与生物效应   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12  
采用室内分析和田间生物试验,研究了热喷处理污泥及其复混肥的养分供应能力及它们在农地上施用对土壤肥力、青菜产量及其品质的影响。结果表明:热喷处理能有效杀灭污泥中病原物,除自,并可使污泥中水溶性有机碳和速效氮含量分别提高87%,19%和35%,施用热喷污泥制成的复混肥不但比等养分的无机复合肥多增产38%,而且青菜体内Vc和水溶性总糖等营养品质也有明显的提高,NO3^-却只有无机复合肥处理的一半左右,污泥经势喷处理有利于提高污泥中养分的生物有效性,特别是热喷污泥制成的复混肥氮磷养分利用率显著高于无机复合肥,施用污泥和污泥复混肥还能提高土壤肥力,比单纯大量施用污泥要安全得多,土地使用年限可延长40倍。  相似文献   
424.
重庆南山马尾松衰亡与土壤铝活化的关系   总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31  
研究了重庆南山马尾松衰亡与铝中毒的关系.发现南山土壤中活性铝含量相当高,而活性钙含量很低,轻灾区和重灾区的Al/Ca比都已超过伤害植物的阈值.试验结果表明,铝活化是土壤严重酸化的后果.溶液培养试验结果表明,铝对马尾松幼苗生长有明显毒害作用,且毒性最大的形态是Al~(3+),铝中毒是南山酸雨危害马尾松的主要原因.  相似文献   
425.
矿区复合生态系统中土壤演替和植被演替的相互影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
在讨论矿区复合生态系统涵义的基础上,以平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例,探讨了大型露天矿区复合生态系统演替与原生态系统演替的不同,即露天矿区复合生态系统演替极大地受着社会--经济--自然三方面的控制,在演替过程中土壤演替与植被演替相互影响、相互协调,共同作用了矿区复合生态系统。同时,还阐述了进行矿区生态重建的两大关键措施:生态环境建设和群落建设。  相似文献   
426.
Potential for carbon sequestration in Canadian forests and agroecosystems   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The potential for carbon (C) sequestration was examined in selectedCanadian forest settings and prairie agroecosystems under severalmanagement scenarios. A simple C budget model was developed toquantitatively examine C sequestration potential in living biomass of forestecosystems, in associated forest-product C pools, and in displaced fossil-fuelC. A review of previous studies was conducted to examine C sequestrationpotential in prairie agroecosystems. In the forest settings examined, ourwork suggests that substantial C sequestration opportunities can be realizedin the short term through the establishment of protected forest-C reserves.Where stands can be effectively protected from natural disturbance, peaklevels of biomass C storage can exceed that under alternative managementstrategies for 200 years or more. In settings where it is not feasible tomaintain protected forest-C reserves, C sequestration opportunities can berealized through maximum sustained yield management with harvestedbiomass put towards the displacement of fossil fuels. Because there is afinite capacity for C storage in protected forest-C reserves, harvesting forestbiomass and using it to displace the use of fossil fuels, either directlythrough the production of biofuels or indirectly through the production oflong-lived forest products that displace the use of energy-intensive materialssuch as steel or concrete, can provide the greatest opportunity to mitigategreenhouse gas emissions in the long term. In Canadian prairieagroecosystems, modest C sequestration can be realized while enhancingsoil fertility and improving the efficiency of crop production. This can bedone in situations where soil organic C can be enhanced without relianceupon ongoing inputs of nitrogen fertilizer, or where the use of fossil fuelsin agriculture can be reduced. More substantial C offsets can be generatedthrough the production of dedicated energy crops to displace the use offossil fuels. Where afforestation or reconstruction of native prairieecosystems on previously cultivated land is possible, this represents thegreatest opportunity to sequester C on a per unit-area basis. However,these last two strategies involve the removal of land from crop production,and so they are not applicable on as wide a scale as some other Csequestration options which only involve modifications to currentagricultural practices.  相似文献   
427.
IntroductionFertilizationisessentialforagriculturalproduction ,butunreasonablyapplyingfertilizerscouldresultinseriesofproblemssuchascropqualitydecline,fertilizeruseefficiencydecrease,residualfertilizerspollution groundwaterandriversandnitrogencontented …  相似文献   
428.
IntroductionAtrazine(2chloro4ethylamino6isopropylaminostriazine)isoneofthemostwidelyusedselectivepreandpostemergenceherbicidesforthecontrolofbroadleafandgrassyweeds.ThisherbicideisprimarilyusedincorncroppingsysteminNortheastandNorthofChina,andasoftentim…  相似文献   
429.
氯唑磷在土壤中的降解性能与移动性研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
在实验室与野外田间状态下,研究了氯唑磷农药在砂土,砂壤土及粘壤土中的降解特性,降解速率依次为:砂壤土〉粘壤土〉矿土;其降解半衰期分别为47.2、59.8和67.3d。  相似文献   
430.
开县库区水土流失浅析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
分析了开县库区水土流失的现状、原因及其危害,并提出了防治对策。  相似文献   
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