UASCB-SMBR处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

研究了厌氧污泥复合床 (UASCB) 序批式膜生物反应器 (SMBR)串联工艺 ,处理垃圾渗滤液的工艺性能及影响因素 ,并与单纯的SMBR工艺进行了对比。试验结果表明 ,在进液COD浓度平均为 2 50 0mg/L ,NH+ 4-N平均浓度为 360mg/L ,厌氧反应器COD的负荷为 7～2 0kgCOD/m3·d ,SMBR负荷为 1～ 5kgCOD/m3·d,系统总水力停留时间为 1 4～ 2 8h时 ,该串联工艺COD去除率达到 92 %以上 ,NH+ 4-N的去除率在 80 %以上     

Volatilization of heavy metals during incineration of municipal solid wastes

Incineration experiments with MSW, which had been impregnated with heavy metals, were presented to obtain information on the volatilization behavior of the elements cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) under different conditions. Experiments were carried out in a bubbling fluid bed system connected to a customized inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES) for analyzing metals in the flue gas. The results indicated that the combustion temperature, the gas atmosphere, and the chlorine content in the flue gas could affect the volatilization behavior of heavy metals. In the fluidized bed combustion, a large surface area was provided by the bed sand particles, and they may act as absorbents for the gaseous ash-forming compound. Comparer with the metals Cd and Pb, the vaporization of Zn was low. The formation of stable compounds such as ZnO.Al2O3 could greatly decrease the metals volatilization. The presence of chlorine would enhance the volatilization of heavy metals by increasing the formation of metal chlorides. However, when the oxygen content was high, the chlorinating reaction was kinetically hindered, which heavy metals release would be delayed.     

流化床光催化反应器动力学模式

提出二相流化床光催化反应器的理论计算数学模式,并通过试验对其进行了验证和分析．结果表明,理论计算值与试验值一致该数学模式可用于流化床光催化反应器的设计计算,相对误差小于0.15％．     

流化床垃圾焚烧炉工艺改进的探讨

对流化床垃圾焚烧炉的工艺改进进行了分析 ,在焚烧炉内更有利于脱除酸性气体 ,当垃圾热值达 4 5 0 0kJ/kg时 ,部分吹入氧气可使燃烧温度达 1 30 0℃以上。用空心球代替流动砂可以取消流动砂的循环环节     

Near-term forecasts of stream temperature using deep learning and data assimilation in support of management decisions

Deep learning (DL) models are increasingly used to make accurate hindcasts of management-relevant variables, but they are less commonly used in forecasting applications. Data assimilation (DA) can be used for forecasts to leverage real-time observations, where the difference between model predictions and observations today is used to adjust the model to make better predictions tomorrow. In this use case, we developed a process-guided DL and DA approach to make 7-day probabilistic forecasts of daily maximum water temperature in the Delaware River Basin in support of water management decisions. Our modeling system produced forecasts of daily maximum water temperature with an average root mean squared error (RMSE) from 1.1 to 1.4°C for 1-day-ahead and 1.4 to 1.9°C for 7-day-ahead forecasts across all sites. The DA algorithm marginally improved forecast performance when compared with forecasts produced using the process-guided DL model alone (0%–14% lower RMSE with the DA algorithm). Across all sites and lead times, 65%–82% of observations were within 90% forecast confidence intervals, which allowed managers to anticipate probability of exceedances of ecologically relevant thresholds and aid in decisions about releasing reservoir water downstream. The flexibility of DL models shows promise for forecasting other important environmental variables and aid in decision-making.     

上流式缺氧污泥床和好氧生物膜组合脱氮工艺的研究

将上流式颗粒污泥床(USB)用于反硝化和生物膜法用于自养硝化处理蔗糖配水和小区生活污水,反硝化污泥床去除有机物和硝态氮具有节省需好氧去除有机物的能耗的优势,同时好氧生物膜法硝化效率高。试验结果表明,当工艺进水的有机负荷小于2kgCOD/m3·d时,出水COD均小于60mg/L,好氧单元进水有机负荷和氨氮负荷分别小于13kgCOD/m3·d和09kgNH3N/m3·d时,出水氨氮小于5mg/L;COD/NO-3N是影响反硝化的关键因素,处理蔗糖配水时,COD/NO-3N大于5时反硝化脱氮完全,而COD/NO-3N为10时,生活污水作为电子供体仍然脱氮不完全;有机物含量过高导致好氧单元硝化效果降低,HRT是影响好氧单元硝化效率的主要因素,HRT缩短为15h时,氨氮去除率降低了85%左右;同时处理蔗糖配水和生活污水的反硝化菌活性相当。     

厌氧工艺对含铬(Ⅵ)废水处理效果初探

以砂石和活性炭作为填料,自制厌氧生物滤床系统,并对系统进行驯化,发现完成驯化后的稳定系统具有良好的去铬(Ⅵ)能力.废水在系统中经过2 h运行,加入碳源的试验组与不加碳源的对照组的铬(Ⅵ)去除率分别为87.33%和66.31%.恒流泵最佳流量为47 mL/min,外加碳源后,铬(Ⅵ)的浓度由60 mg/L左右降到0.5 mg/L以下,需要4 h,而对照组需要14 h,铬(Ⅵ)浓度由64.66 mg/L提高到 75.53 mg/L时,对本系统负面影响甚微,提高到95.47 mg/L时,系统出水达标所需时间延长到7.5 h.本系统具有耐受一定程度的浓度冲击以及进一步驯化、提高处理负荷的潜力.     

某电厂生活污水再生处理回用系统设计与调试

随着水危机问题日益严峻,再生水回用已经成为解决水资源担缺的重要途径之一。河北某电厂采用“顸处理-悬挂链曝气生物移动床-深度过滤-臭氧消毒”工艺对原生活污水处理系统进行改造,处理后再生水用作循环冷却水补给水。经过填料挂膜及联机试运行,再生水水质指标为：CODcr=11.8mg／L,BOD5=3、8mg／L,SS=6mg／L,pH=7．67,大肠杆菌群≤3个／L,水质符合循环冷却水补给水的国家标准。该工艺可以广泛应用于生活污水的再生处理回用。     

煤层瓦斯含量测定定点取样方法研究进展

基于文献调研及前期研究,分析了目前煤矿井下煤层瓦斯含量直接测定时所采用定点取样方法及其弊端,阐述了学者们提出的改进型定点取样方法,并对煤层瓦斯含量测定定点取样方法的研究进行了展望,指出:①取样过程瓦斯损失量小、取样时升温低、机械复杂度低是基于煤芯管法定点取样方法的发展方向;②开展煤储层条件下的瓦斯运移规律研究,建立并完善各种基于煤芯管法的定点取样方法的瓦斯损失量模型;③适用于松软煤层的定点取样方法的研发亟待开展;④基于负压气力输送理论的定点取样方法是定点取样方法研究的趋势,动态颗粒煤变负压瓦斯解吸规律是建立对应瓦斯损失量模型的基础研究。     

沸石滤池深度处理石化废水二级出水研究

采用小试规模沸石滤池,深度处理石化废水二级出水,通过考察滤池对CODCrNH4^-N和挥发酚的去除情况,分析了沸石去除污染物的规律和机理。结果表明：沸石滤池对CODCr,NH4^＋-N和挥发酚的平均去除率分别达到27．32％、94．67％和34．47％。在滤池运行初期,离子交换起主要作用。随着反应器的运行,离子交换因沸石饱和而减弱,而生物氧化逐渐起作用。由于沸石资源丰富、价格低廉和性能优越,所以沸石滤池作为三级深度处理技术具有广阔应用前景。