Biosorption of uranium by chemically modified Rhodotorula glutinis

The present paper reports the biosorption of uranium onto chemically modified yeast cells, Rhodotorula glutinis, in order to study the role played by various functional groups in the cell wall. Esterification of the carboxyl groups and methylation of the amino groups present in the cells were carried out by methanol and formaldehyde treatment, respectively. The uranium sorption capacity increased 31% for the methanol-treated biomass and 11% for the formaldehyde-treated biomass at an initial uranium concentration of 140 mg/L. The enhancement of uranium sorption capacity was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, with amino and carboxyl groups were determined to be the important functional groups involved in uranium binding. The biosorption isotherms of uranium onto the raw and chemically modified biomass were also investigated with varying uranium concentrations. Langmuir and Freundlich models were well able to explain the sorption equilibrium data with satisfactory correlation coefficients higher than 0.9.     

张家口市沙尘天气过程气溶胶单颗粒特征研究

利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪对张家口市2015年春季的一次典型沙尘过程进行了监测,分析了沙尘过程对当地大气颗粒物成分的影响。结果表明,监测期间的颗粒物类型主要分为8种:矿物质(MD)、左旋葡聚糖(LEV)、元素碳(EC)、有机碳(OC)、混合碳(ECOC)、重金属(HM)、富钾(K)、其他(Other)。对比沙尘天气来临前、中、后3个时段,随着沙尘天气的来临,本地大气颗粒物成分发生较大变化,矿物质、左旋葡聚糖等成分含量升高,而有机碳、重金属等成分含量下降,其中矿物质在PM10峰值时段小时比例高达27.8%;沙尘天气期间,由于矿物质颗粒占比增加,使得总颗粒物的粒径分布向0.9μm以上的粗粒径段偏移;此外,沙尘天气期间的颗粒物各成分与二次组分的混合程度相较非沙尘天气时段的低,说明其老化程度相对较低。     

Pyrolysis-GC-MS analysis of crude and heavy fuel oil asphaltenes for application in oil fingerprinting

A Pyrolysis – Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) method was developed for the analysis and profiling of crude and heavy fuel oil asphaltenes, for application in oil fingerprinting. Asphaltenes were precipitated from ten geographically different oils using n-pentane, and analysed by Py-GC-MS. Alkane profiles and sulphur/aromatic profiles were used to compare the oils, and to correctly differentiate oils from different geographical regions. Py-GC-MS could not differentiate a weathered oil sample and a fresh oil sample from the same source. The results of this study support the findings from a previously developed FTIR method for asphaltene profiling.     

VOCs快速检测在某化工企业搬迁遗留污染场地调查中的应用

以天津市某化工企业搬迁遗留污染场地为例,采用VOCs快速检测法辅助现场钻孔取样,以初步判断土壤污染深度,同时将现场样品送实验室检测。试验表明,VOCs快速检测法与实验室检测法结果基本一致。将452个样品测定结果做比对,结果表明实验室检测数据VOCs加和值与快速检测法现场检测数据存在显著相关,R2为0.803 7。污染物主要集中于场地5 m~9 m的粉土层中。其中,13种VOCs检出,4种VOCs超过《场地土壤环境风险评价筛选值》(DB11/T 811—2011)商业用地筛选值。     

连续紫外扫描光谱法快速测定废水的化学需氧量

探讨了紫外扫描光谱最佳吸收波段内的吸光度集合所组成的峰面积与被测定废水的COD含量的相关性,同时进行了精密度和标准方法的比对实验,取得较好效果.该方法适用于多成分有机混合物的快速测定.     

Characterization of Indoor and Outdoor Aerosols in a Suburban Area of Prague

The mass, ionic and elemental size distributions of particulate matter (PM) measured indoors and outdoors in an apartment situated in a north–westward suburb of Prague are presented. The PM samples were collected by two Berner type low pressure impactors separating particles into 10 size fractions from 26 nm to 10 μm and were further analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) and proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Temperature, pressure and relative humidity were measured both indoors and outdoors parallel to PM sampling. The indoor and outdoor PM dynamics were recorded by two scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPS) and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS). Finally, the ventilation rate was determined by a radon technique. Ion chromatography showed that the major inorganic components of the fine particle mode are sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium with very low indoor nitrate concentration. Crustal elements (Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe) were associated with the coarse aerosol mode. The presence of people increased the mass concentration of coarse particles, whereas cooking, smoking, and burning of incense and candles contributed predominantly to the fine particle mode. Smoking and the burning of incense also increased the concentration of potassium, bromine and chlorine content in fine particles.     

环境监测实验室重要试剂及耗材的质量验收方法

阐述了对环境监测实验室重要试剂及消耗性材料进行质量验收的必要性,以实验用水、过硫酸钾、活性炭采样管和滤膜等典型的试剂及消耗材料为例,介绍了常用的重要试剂及消耗性材料质量验收的程序、范围、方法、要求与结果讨论.     

江苏沿江化工园区环境风险防范与应急策略

简述了江苏沿江化工园区存在的环境风险,分析了园区区位特征和产业结构矛盾、监控预警体系及应急保障体系等方面存在的问题。提出应加强环境应急队伍建设,完善监控预警体系,强化应急预案管理,提升应急处置能力,以降低环境风险,维护区域环境安全。     

化工园区环境应急预案管理机制研究

介绍了我国化工园区环境应急管理现状,简述了国内外突发事件应急预案体系特点。分析了我国化工园区环境应急预案存在的管理机制不健全、内容不完善等问题,提出了应急预案编制的核心内容。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-负化学离子化质谱法测定土壤中有机磷农药

用加速溶剂萃取法(ASE)萃取土壤中的有机磷农药,用气相色谱-负化学离子化质谱法(GC-NCI-MS)进行测定,并与气相色谱-电子轰击电离质谱法(GC-EI-MS)进行了对比。结果表明,EI法和NCI法均能满足目前的有机磷农药的分析需要。GC-EI-MS的适用范围比较广,操作比较简单;GC-NCI-MS在选择性和灵敏度等方面均具有较强优势。