Optimal Assignments of Allocating and Scheduling Emergency Resources to Accidents in Chemical Industrial Parks

Accidents in chemical industrial parks can result in mass casualties and the risk usually escalates due to domino effects. However, most of the existing models of emergency logistics do not account for domino effect and may be unsuitable for emergency response to accidents in chemical industrial parks. This paper presents a mathematical model proposed for optimal assignments of allocating and scheduling emergency resources for rescuing victims and preventing accident spreading simultaneously. The detailed characteristics of accident scenarios and emergency resources are taken into account. Based on this, the efficiency of emergency response is evaluated by the total number of fatalities and the amount of losses caused by domino effects which are the optimal objectives of the model. A numerical case study was conducted by solving the model using a designed heuristic algorithm. The results showed the applicability and reliability of the proposed model for making optimal assignments for emergency response to accidents in chemical industrial parks.     

Thermal hazards analysis of styrene in contact with impurities

Styrene is a reactive monomer commonly used to produce polystyrene and other copolymers. Unintended thermal runaway polymerization reactions of styrene keep reoccurring and have led to catastrophic consequences. One of the possible causes of these runaway incidents involves the contamination of the styrene monomer by incompatible species, which was not adequately investigated and documented. This study focuses on the quantification of thermal runaway hazards of styrene in contact with a series of contamination substances by adopting calorimetric analysis. Both Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Advanced Reactive System Screening Tool (ARSST) were employed to examine the exothermic characteristics of styrene mixed with contaminating substances at different concentration levels and mixing conditions. Key safety parameters of the exothermic reaction, such as the onset temperature, the overall heat release, the maximum self-heating rate, as well as the activation energy, were obtained. The results indicated that the thermal runaway polymerization of purified styrene was significantly altered by the presence of contaminant species. Water effectively retarded and quenched the runaway polymerization at a higher temperature range. Alkaline had no substantial effect on the thermal runaway characteristics. The presence of acid solution under both static contact and vigorous mixing condition significantly promoted the thermal polymerization of styrene. A trace amount of concentrated acid initiated violent exothermic activity even at room temperature; and the severity of the reaction was profoundly impacted by the mass-transfer. Our study demonstrates significant implications in the prevention of runaway incidents during transportation and storage of styrene.     

化学工业废水处理的技术和管理问题分析

化学是现代工业体系的基础,随着当前社会的发展,化学工业废水的排放与处理问题越来越受到人们的重视。本文分析了当前化学工业废水处理中的问题,然后重点阐述了微电解技术在化学工业废水处理中的运用。     

关于化肥对土壤的污染及有效治理举措阐述

化肥是现在农业之中常被用来提高农产品产量和质量的重要物资。但是长期使用化肥,会对土壤造成较大危害。严重的话可能影响到当地的粮食产量。化肥的大量使用还可能会使当地的水体受到一定的影响,如水体污染、富营养化等,不利于水中生物的生存。本文从对于化肥使用控制的意义,化肥对土壤产生的影响以及对于肥害的防治措施等三个方面简要叙述关于化肥对土壤的污染及治理措施。     

Surrounded by Chemical Valley and ‘living in a bubble’: the case of the Aamjiwnaang First Nation,Ontario

This study examines the perceptions and coping strategies of the Aamjiwnaang First Nation, which is surrounded by ‘Chemical Valley’, the largest complex of petrochemical plants in Canada. Analysis of in-depth interviews showed that residents perceive ‘Mother Earth to be sick’; however, a strong level of community cohesion prevails, with ‘place’ as a significant anchor to the culture and history of the community. Residents articulated a collective sense of responsibility for the well-being of members both within and surrounding the community, whereby some residents would never leave, regardless of the toxic environment and concern for high rates of cancer and respiratory diseases among both adults and children. Residents employed action-focused coping strategies such as ‘indoor evacuation’ and the ‘Cop-sniff test’, and emotional coping strategies including blocking out the effects of ‘Chemical Valley’ by frequently ignoring warning sirens from industry. The results call on the need for a collaborative environmental planning intervention involving clear community participation. Findings suggest the need for an indoor recreational facility for both children and adults, and a graded warning system.     

南京市大气PM2.5中重金属分布特征及化学形态分析

于2017年1、4、7、10月在南京市主城区采集了大气PM2.5样品,用BCR法对PM_(2.5)中重金属进行连续提取,采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法进行测定,分析重金属在颗粒物中不同形态和分布特征。结果表明,PM_(2.5)中9种重金属质量比排序为:Fe Zn Pb Mn Cu Cr As Ni Cd。Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu、Mn、As主要分布在弱酸提取态; Ni在弱酸提取态、可氧化态和残渣态中分布较均匀,占比26%～37%;而Fe、Cr主要以残渣态存在,分布比例分别为71%和54%。PM_(2.5)中Zn的生物有效性系数 0.8,属生物可利用性元素,表明其在环境中迁移能力最强,其余8种重金属生物有效性系数为0.2～0.8。     

美国《化学文摘》对环境科学论文文摘的处理和加工

根据CA文摘的要求,以美国《化学文摘》收录部分环境科学文献为例,对收录前后标题、文摘进行探析。论述科技论文文摘的写作与翻译方法,说明科技文摘写作与翻译中存在的不规范和应注意问题,以便科技文摘更具有科学性。     

Fenton试剂去除钻井污水CODCr技术研究

以钻井污水为研究对象初步研究了Fenton试剂处理污水各影响因素的作用机理,通过实验确定了Fenton反应的各种影响因素最佳工艺条件为:H2O2/CODCr为1.5,pH值为3,氧化反应时间3h,处理后水质达到综合污水排放一级标准(GB8978-1996),钻井污水中CODCr的去除率达95.2%,该工艺具有能耗低、运行成本低和操作简单等特点。     

毛细管电泳法直接测定化工废水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

采用胶束毛细管电泳法,在分离水中5种邻苯二甲酸酯的基础上,对化工废水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯进行了直接测定.以峰面积定量,标准曲线在4 mg/L～50 mg/L线性关系良好,检出限为0.64 mg/L,加标回收率为104%～106%.