杉木人工林生态系统可燃物空间分布规律研究

在国家野外科学观测研究站-会同生态站的集水区中设置固定标准地,利用标准地和生物量调查数据,对杉木人工林的可燃物负荷量空间分布规律进行了研究,结果表明:杉木人工林生态系统的自然整枝能力较差,细小可燃物的空间分布均匀,易燃可燃物连续性好;含水率以近地面的最小;11年生的杉木人工林生态系统的枯死枝叶的总负荷量高达0.198 t.hm-2,分布于0～1.5 m的空间层中,这种均匀的空间分布规律为树冠火的发生创造了条件,从而加大了杉木人工林生态系统的火险性.建议在杉木人工林生态系统的经营过程中,要加强人工整枝,改变可燃物的空间分布;减少易燃可燃物的数量,降低森林的燃烧性;对于枯死枝叶可采取人工和计划烧除的措施进行清理.     

中国水域中华白海豚种群分布现状与保护

中华白海豚是国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,在中国主要分布于广西、海南、广东、香港、澳门、福建、台湾西部、浙江沿岸,向北达东海北部长江口,黄海北部辽宁沿岸偶有发现.自南向北形成各自的地方种群,相邻种群间可能有基因交流.渔业时有误捕,沿岸屡有搁浅,各栖息地段的种群数量呈现减少趋势.资源减少的主要原因是受人类活动加剧的影响,以及生态环境不断恶化,威胁着本种的生存.为此建立中华白海豚自然保护区是最有效的保护措施之一,但亟待采取有效的管理措施和健全管理机制,加强中华白海豚的资源保护.     

中药废水污染特点和处理研究进展

分析了我国中药废水污染的特点,中药制药业水污染防治技术研究中的各种物化、化学、生物处理技术的研究现状,并对各种制药废水污染防治技术的特点进行了分析,最后指出了中药废水处理工艺的选择问题.     

智能应力或结构损伤自敏涂层研究现状及展望

详细介绍了机械零部件表面应力和结构损伤检测的研究现状,重点介绍了荧光涂层应力检测的原理、优势以及发展现状.分析了基于稀土荧光离子的应力检测涂层的需求,并就其应用原理和发展现状进行了表述.介绍了不同材料体系下应力及结构损伤检测范围,以及应力自敏涂层目前的应用现状和未来发展趋势.     

Safety performance measurement in collectivized oil companies in China: Contribution of leading indicators to lagging indicators

With the collectivization of the Chinese oil industry, oil companies have been expanding in size. However, the intensified differences in the safety performance of subsidiaries have severely hindered the collaborative management of the headquarters. Understanding the safety status of each member is urgent for parent companies and their subsidiaries to identify gaps and make improvements. A unified set of safety performance indicators and a practical measurement tool are essential for the Chinese oil industry. Hence, this study identified a set of safety performance indicators encompassing both leading and lagging indicators using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and entropy weight method (EWM) to reveal the critical factors affecting the safety performance of the oil industry. A total of 300 front-line workers from eight subsidiaries of an oil company participated in the survey. The identified indicators were preliminarily weighted using EWM. Then, DEA was employed to measure the safety performance of the eight subsidiaries, demonstrating that management commitment was the most crucial factor in distinguishing safety performance; safety culture was more differentiated than risk management. Safety performance was not entirely positively correlated with safety investments, but the reasonable allocation of safety resources played a vital role. In addition, the weaknesses in each subsidiary's safety management were identified, and the quantitative effects of each leading indicator on safety performance were obtained.