天津市工业污染治理费用函数研究

本文利用天津市工业污染治理设施运行数据,依据环境工程学原理,研究了厂级污染费用函数和边际削减费用函数。采用环境经济学软件Ｓｔａｔａ进行多元回归,得到的天津市厂级污染削减费用函数和边际削减费用函数具有很高的统计意义,可以作为环境保护投入资金铁利用与环境、经济效益的估计,并可应用于工业废水处理的技术、经济分析、工业废水排放标准的经济分析,以及工业废水区域控制规划、战略和政策的研究等领域。     

On the integration of science and management in coastal management research

This contribution presents an introduction to a series of papers on integrated scientific approaches presented at the San Feliu Euroconference on transdisciplinary coastal management research. Coastal management is a challenging area for the integration of social and natural sciences. The papers provide a basis for ongoing cross-disciplinary research.     

Institutional, Legal, and Economic Instruments in Ghana's Environmental Policy

The environmental situation in Ghana is characterized by desertification, land degradation, deforestation, soil erosion, and inadequate water supply in the northern regions of the country. The population as a whole is growing at a rate of 3% per annum, with even greater urban growth rates, due to rural out-migration. Large parts of the coastal zone in the south are rapidly developing to become one large suburbanized area. Water quality is particularly threatened in the urban and industrialized areas, which are mainly located in the southern part of the country. The coastal lagoons and coastal waters are moderately to heavily polluted. Erosion extends along the whole Ghanaian coast with excesses, for example, in the Keta area, where during the last century over 90% of the original buildings have been washed awayby the sea. The obvious environmental consequences of the mining sector are illustrative of the environmental threats caused by a fast growing industry and industrializing agriculture, in a country where environmental policy is only in its formative years. Desertification, food insecurity and coastal erosion all contribute to an increasing number of environmental refugees. Environmental policy in Ghana is a post-Rio phenomenon. Environmental laws, a Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, an advisory National Committee for the Implementation of Agenda 21, and a fully mandated environmental administration have been established. This administration advocates a progressive attitude towards environmental legislation and points out the specific utility of economic and legal instruments in environmental management in this relatively fast developing country. The choice of instruments for environmental management is increasingly influenced by the specific state of African environmental and technological capacity and by a call for the recognition of the role of traditional customs in nature conservation. This African perspective on environmental management is further intensified by an unmet need for regional, transboundary cooperation in the West African subcontinent. This specific West African context calls for an elaboration of an effective capacity-building program for environmental management in the area.     

京九铁路沿线矿产资源的开发与环境保护

本文将京九铁路沿线划分为７个矿产资源经济带,提出了加强原有矿产资源基地建设,发展中南部的开发战略;研究了沿线发生的地质灾害,提出了环境保护措施     

福建省水资源开发利用现状与管理对策

本文对福建省水资源特征、开发利用现状及其存在的问题进行了分析,并就当前应该和可能解决的紧迫问题提出了对策     

攀西地区野生番石榴资源的开发利用

根据对四川省攀西地区野生番石榴资源的调查研究,本文论述了野生番石榴的生物学特征和分布、食用和药用价值、产量和经济效益等,并提出了开发利用和保护野生番石榴资源的建议     

皖东地区水资源可持续利用研究

本文分析了皖东地区水资源的基本特点、开发利用现状及其存在的主要问题,并提出了水资源可持续利用的基本对策     

矿产资源可持续利用评价指标初探

本文分析了矿产资源可持续开发利用的概念及内涵、判据和方向,研究了矿产资源可持续开发利用评价指标体系组建的必要性、基本原则、总体框架和衡量参数     

HISTORICAL AND SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT OF THE WESTERN WATERSHEDS MOVEMENT1

ABSTRACT: The 1990s have featured a rapid proliferation of “watershed initiatives” in the western United States and elsewhere. Watershed initiatives are ad hoc, voluntary associations typically featuring both governmental and non-governmental actors organized together to collaboratively seek new strategies for addressing water and related natural resource problems at physically relevant regional scales. These efforts are a response to historical and sociopolitical trends that have resulted in increasingly ineffective forums and processes of resource management decision-making, and that have subordinated the role of local stakeholders in problem-solving efforts. In most cases, watershed initiatives appear to provide a pragmatic vehicle for resource managers and stakeholders to address common concerns in a more efficient manner than is otherwise possible, and as such, deserve further application and continued support.     

SELECTION AND SUSTAINABILITY OF LAND AND WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: Most spatial decision support systems for natural resource planning and management are limited by their scenario-based (non-behavioral), deterministic (non-stochastic) structure. A spatial decision support system is developed that uses a multiple attribute decision-making model to explain how a property manager selects a land and water resource management system (LWRMS) based on its multiple, stochastic economic and environmental attributes. The decision support system assesses sustainable resource management at the property and watershed scales and identifies the most cost-effective policy for enhancing sustainable resource management. Economic attributes are determined with an economic model and environmental attributes are simulated with an environmental model. Input parameters for both models are generated with a geographic information system. The decision support system is used to rank five LWRMS for a sample of 20 farmers in Missouri's Goodwater Creek watershed and for two hypothetical watershed alliance groups. Results indicate that the average farmer and the two alliance groups would rank the five LWRMS in the same manner. From the viewpoint of the watershed alliance, the most preferred LWRMS for the average farmer in the watershed is sustainable.