Comparing the performance of landfill liner systems

 Some minimum design requirements for landfill liner systems were compared, and the performance of several Japanese liner systems was investigated by two-dimensional (2D) contaminant transport analysis. We demonstrate that (1) the performance of each system specified by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare (at present the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare) varies, (2) the adsorption characteristics of the mineral barrier has a significant effect on the contaminant transport process, and (3) a geomembrane layer in the barrier system is very efficient in reducing the peak concentration of contaminants in the groundwater beneath a landfill even if the geomembrane has a number of defects. Under the conditions considered, the analysis results show that a liner system without a geomembrane layer should be avoided. Received: July 4, 2001 / Accepted: March 26, 2002     

Influence of soil pH on the fractionation of Cr, Cu and Zn in solid phases from a landfill site

The spatial variability of soil pH for engineered Weathered Oxford Clay is described using 35 samples collected from the base of a new cell in an existing landfill. Soil pH variability influences the reactivity of Cr, Cu and Zn in the site. The reactivity of these metals as natural components was determined using a sequential extraction method. The total concentration of Cr, Cu and Zn and the mineralogical composition were also determined. The results showed that due to the presence of a layer rich in pyrite in the base, a natural acidification may occur which can produce a soil pH as low as 2.7. The spatial variability of soil pH in this area has been described with an anisotropical variogram model and the estimation of its values at unsampled locations was carried out using the ordinary kriging algorithm. From the spatial modelling of the soil pH, it was found that the metals in the soil solid phases follow a similar distribution.     

干湿循环与垃圾渗滤液耦合作用下GCL防渗性能

开展膨胀指数和渗透系数测定试验,研究干湿循环与垃圾渗滤液渗透耦合作用下膨润土的膨胀性能和土工合成黏土衬垫（GCL）防渗性能变化规律.结果表明,干湿循环与垃圾渗滤液渗透耦合作用对膨润土的膨胀性能和GCL的防渗性能具有显著负面影响：在7次干湿循环后,垃圾渗滤液饱和的膨润土的膨胀指数从20mL/2g降低至7.5mL/2g,GCL的渗透系数从1.65×10^-11m/s增加到1.89×10^-7m/s.膨胀指数下降和渗透系数升高的根本原因是膨润土渗透膨胀性能的丧失.单纯的垃圾渗滤液渗透不会改变GCL的渗透系数.将有效应力从20kPa升高至150kPa,可以促使GCL的渗透系数降低4个数量级,满足填埋场防渗要求（< 5.0x10^-11m/s）.     

短舱进气道复合材料声衬声学特性试验研究

目的应用旋转声模态发生试验系统测试无缝复材声衬试验件的传递损失声学特性。方法根据短舱进气道声衬实际应用环境,采用整体环状成型工艺和无缝拼接技术,针对性地设计研制出复合材料制成的环形无缝进气道声衬。利用风扇旋转声模态发生试验系统开展基于旋转径向传声器阵列的管内声模态测试识别方法研究,并发展相应的模态测试装置。结果设计的无缝复材声衬在目标工况下降噪效果良好。结论基于旋转径向传声器阵列可同时识别径向和周向声模态,并显著减小所用传声器总数。     

双衬层污水池渗漏检测系统的应用研究

近年来,污水处理成为环境保护的热点话题,对污水池进行实时监测防止对环境造成污染是必要的安防手段。通过对污水池结构及电学特性的分析,建立了双衬层污水池渗漏检测系统。利用高压直流电法对污水池人工合成衬层(HDPE)进行漏洞检测,主防渗层检测系统对主防渗层是否泄漏进行定性检测,次防渗层检测系统对次防渗层出现的漏洞进行定位。这样有助于减少大量的数据处理。通过试验检验,当主防渗层存在漏洞时回路电流能达到电源电流的90%以上;当次防渗层存在漏洞时通过等势图的绘制能确定漏洞所在位置。     

双衬层填埋场电法渗漏检测影响因素分析

双衬层填埋场采用电法进行渗漏检测时,漏洞电流大小、检测电极与防渗层之间的距离、介质的电阻率以及供电电极的位置皆可影响检测效果。分别对以上几个因素进行了仿真分析,结果显示:漏洞电流越大、检测电极距防渗层越近、供电电极与漏洞的水平距离越远,检测效果越好;而渗滤液污染导致的局部土壤电阻率变低,则使检测效果变差。     

Sorption of heterocyclic compounds from a complex mixture of coal-tar compounds on natural clayey till

The sorption and desorption of heterocyclic organic compounds in a complex multisolute system to a natural clayey till was investigated. The composition of the solutes reflect a simplified composition of an aqueous phase in contact with coal tar. Sorption was studied for two ratios (s:l) of clayey till (solid) to aqueous phase (liquid). The effect of the complex mixture of solutes on sorption of the four heterocyclic compounds: benzofuran, dibenzofuran, benzothiophene, and dibenzothiophene is evaluated by comparison with their sorption measured in single-solute systems. Sorption of the four compounds is affected by the complex mixture, with sorption decreases for all four compounds at high s:l ratio indicating competitive sorption. The effect on sorption of the individual compounds is not related to solubility or hydrophobicity of the compounds. Freundlich-type isotherms are observed for all compounds in the high s:l-ratio experiments, but for the most hydrophobic compounds isotherms are close to linear. The sorption of N-compounds and benzofuran is apparently influenced by cation exchange and dipole–dipole attraction to clay minerals. At high concentrations a dramatic increase in the sorption of the most strongly sorbing compounds is observed in the low s:l-ratio experiment. The dramatic increase in sorption appears to be a result of multimolecular layer sorption or condensation on surfaces in the clayey till at high surface density of organic compounds, and the data are fitted by BET (Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller) type 2 isotherms. The increase may or may not be induced by the presence of N-heterocyclic compounds sorbed by cation exchange and dipole–dipole attraction. The desorption of the compounds was studied for the low s:l ratio where multimolecular layer formation apparently had occurred. Partially irreversible sorption, hysteric Langmuir type desorption with isotherms of very high K_l coefficient, or behaviour reflecting dissolution of a condensed phase is observed.     

双衬层填埋场层状介质模型的建立

通过对危险废物填埋场结构及电学特性的分析,将双衬层填埋场看作水平方向为无穷大的5层介质空间. 漏洞电流对周围空间电势分布的影响可等效为位于电流流入端的负电流源和位于电流流出端的正电流源对周围空间电势分布的影响. 并且在对主、次防渗层进行检测的同时,对检测层中的电势分布进行了正演解析. 检测层任意一点的感应电势为HDPE膜两侧供电电极产生的感应电势与漏洞电流产生的感应电势的叠加. 试验结果证明,模型的理论值与试验值基本吻合.      

Application of Fe0/C/Clay ceramics for decoloration of synthetic Acid Red 73 and Reactive Blue 4 wastewater by micro-electrolysis

Dyes are common pollutants in textile wastewaters, and the treatment of the wastewater has now attracted much attention due to its wide application and low biodegradability. In this study, Fe⁰/C/Clay ceramics, a kind of novel micro-electrolysis filler, were sintered and employed in a dynamic micro-electrolysis reactor for synthetic Acid Red 73 (AR73) and Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) wastewater treatment. The effects of influent pH, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and aeration on the decoloration efficiencies of AR73 and RB4 were studied. The optimum conditions for wastewater treatment were: AR73, influent pH of 4, HRT of 2 h and aeration; RB4, influent pH of 5, HRT of 6 h and aeration. Under the optimum conditions, decoloration efficiency of AR73 and RB4 wastewater was 96% and 83%, respectively. Results of UV-vis spectrum scanning demonstrated that the chromophores were broken. Continuous running tests showed that improvement of micro-electrolysis system with Fe⁰/C/Clay ceramics for AR73 and RB4 synthetic wastewater treatment could avoid failure of micro-electrolysis reactor, which indicated great potential for the practical application of the ceramics in the field of actual industrial wastewater treatment.     

中国陆地生态信息空间化技术研究(Ⅱ)——太阳辐射要素

论文以MTCLIM模型为基础,根据中国的实际情况,对模型的参数进行了优化与调整,建立了适合我国的基于温度、降水和相对湿度等因子的太阳总辐射计算模式。提出了太阳总辐射空间化的模式,即先参数化,然后采用合适的空间插值方法(论文中采用地统计学方法)实现空间化。同时鉴于逐日太阳总辐射空间化工作量庞大,提出了在计算月均日结果的基础之上,采用线性插值技术快速得到逐日太阳辐射值。从而得到了中国太阳总辐射的空间分布结果。