Comparative studies of the Fe–UV, H2O2–UV, TiO2–UV/vis systems for the decolorization of a textile dye X-3B in water

The degradation of a common textile dye, Reactive-brilliant red X-3B, by several advanced oxidation technologies was studied in an air-saturated aqueous solution. The dye was resistant to the UV illumination (wavelength λ  320 nm), but was decolorized when one of Fe³⁺, H₂O₂ and TiO₂ components was present. The decolorization rate was observed to be quite different for each system, and the relative order evaluated under comparable conditions followed the order of Fe²⁺–H₂O₂–UV  Fe²⁺–H₂O₂ > Fe³⁺–H₂O₂–UV > Fe³⁺–H₂O₂ > Fe³⁺–TiO₂–UV > TiO₂–UV > Fe³⁺–UV > TiO₂–visible light (λ  450 nm) > H₂O₂–UV > Fe²⁺–UV. The mechanism for each process is discussed, and linked together for understanding the observed differences in reactivity.     

Investigation on mechanism of phosphate removal on carbonized sludge adsorbent

For the removal of phosphate (PO₄^3 -) from water, an adsorbent was prepared via carbonization of sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant: carbonized sludge adsorbent (CSA). The mechanism of phosphate removal was determined after studying the structure and chemical properties of the CSA and its influence on phosphate removal. The results demonstrate that phosphate adsorption by the CSA can be fitted with the pseudo second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models, indicating that the adsorption is single molecular layer adsorption dominated by chemical reaction. The active sites binding phosphate on the surface are composed of mineral particles containing Si/Ca/Al/Fe. The mineral containing Ca, calcite, is the main factor responsible for phosphate removal. The phosphate removal mechanism is a complex process including crystallization via the interaction between Ca^2 + and PO₄^3 -; formation of precipitates of Ca^2 +, Al^3 +, and PO₄^3 -; and adsorption of PO₄^3 - on some recalcitrant oxides composed of Si/Al/Fe.     

Performance and mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by zero-valent iron loaded onto expanded graphite

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was loaded on expanded graphite (EG) to produce a composite material (EG-ZVI) for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). EG and EG-ZVI were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. EG-ZVI had a high specific surface area and contained sub-micron sized particles of zero-valent iron. Batch experiments were employed to evaluate the Cr(VI) removal performance. The results showed that the Cr(VI) removal rate was 98.80% for EG-ZVI, which was higher than that for both EG (10.00%) and ZVI (29.80%). Furthermore, the removal rate of Cr(VI) by EG-ZVI showed little dependence on solution pH within a pH range of 1–9. Even at pH 11, a Cr(VI) removal rate of 62.44% was obtained after reaction for 1 hr. EG-ZVI could enhance the removal of Cr(VI) via chemical reduction and physical adsorption, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the mechanisms of Cr(VI) removal, which indicated that the ZVI loaded on the surface was oxidized, and the removed Cr(VI) was immobilized via the formation of Cr(III) hydroxide and Cr(III)–Fe(III) hydroxide/oxyhydroxide on the surface of EG-ZVI.     

清洁发展机制项目运作关键问题分析与管理对策研究

清洁发展机制（CDM）项目要想能够顺利通过一系列审查并最终获得减排量,需要特别重视项目运作流程中的关键环节。针对中国CDM项目审批数量少,通过率低,耗费时间长等问题,本文在分析CDM内涵及项目运作流程的基础上,指出了中国CDM项目运作中面临的主要问题,提出了相应的管理对策与建议,期望能够为中国推进CDM项目实施提供帮助。     

一种三元复合型细水雾洗消氯气的性能及机理研究

采用由亚铁（Fe^2＋）盐、表面活性剂（OP）和清水组成的三元复合型洗消剂对液氯泄漏进行模拟洗消实验研究,其洗消效率比清水细水雾有显著提高。通过对比实验考察了添加剂的浓度和洗消时间对其洗消效率的影响,并对雾滴粒径进行了测量。研究结果表明洗消剂中各成分之间的物理化学耦合作用提高了含添加剂的细水雾的洗消效率,表面活性剂组分可以降低溶液的表面张力,减小雾滴粒径,增大细水雾与氯气的接触面积;而亚铁盐组分则可以与氯气发生化学反应,将强氧化性的Cl2完全转变为较稳定的Cl-,增强洗消剂的化学洗消作用,且洗消效果更加彻底。     

生态建设补偿机制的框架构建

生态补偿机制目前是国内外研究的热点,生态建设补偿机制是生态补偿机制的重要组成部分。本文首先分析了生态建设补偿机制的内涵,研究构建了生态建设补偿机制的框架。     

浅谈节约型城市的构建

构建节约型社会是实现城市可持续发展的必然要求。节约型城市的构建应通过转变经济增长模式、推行循环经济、加强节能科技的创新,发展替代能源,同时结合政策手段、宣传教育和法律手段来实现。     

生态足迹模型修正的初步探讨

针对生态足迹应用于区域可持续发展评价的不足之处,采取理论拓展、与其他指标结合、引入基于时间尺度的定量指标等方法,对生态足迹模型的修正进行了初步探讨,为生态足迹模型更好地应用于区域可持续性评价提供了科学指导,为进一步的实例研究提供了理论依据。     

如何应对当前环境应急工作面临的困难

介绍了我国环境应急工作面临的现状和困难,认为我国已进入了环境污染事故高发期,而我国环境应急工作起步较迟,应急能力基础薄弱,难以承受巨大的环境安全重压。因此,各级政府和环保部门应当采取有效措施,积极应对当前的困难,除了建立环境应急预案体系,还应建立联动机制,实行全过程控制等。     

加强节能减排 促进自治区科学发展

本文通过学习实践,对深入贯彻落实科学发展观进行了积极探索,为促进自治区节能减排和环境保护事业的发展,提出了一些看法和建议。