Coal energy conversion with carbon sequestration via combustion in supercritical saline aquifer water

The standard idea for deep saline aquifer sequestration is to separate carbon dioxide from a process stream, compress it, and inject it underground. However, since carbon dioxide is less dense than water, even at the high pressures found in aquifers, it is buoyant and will move towards the surface unless trapped by an impermeable seal. Also, significant energy expenditure is required to separate and compress carbon dioxide, even though neat carbon dioxide is not a desired product. These issues may be addressed by combining the idea of fast dissolution at the surface with supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). By burning coal at high pressure in supercritical water drawn from an aquifer, and then sequestering the entire pre-equilibrated effluent, all carbon from the fuel is captured, as well as all non-mineral coal combustion products including sulfur and metals.A possible block diagram of an SCWO-based electric power plant is proposed, including processes to handle salts from the aquifer brine and minerals from coal. The plant is thermodynamically modeled, using an indirectly fired combined cycle to convert energy from hot combustion products to work. This model estimates the overall thermal efficiency that can be achieved, and reveals unanticipated interactions within the plant that have significant effects on efficiency. The assumptions and results of the model highlight design challenges for an actual system.     

粉煤灰的精制及在环境中的应用研究

粉煤灰是火电厂排放的硅酸盐残渣,具有质轻、耐高温、强度高等优点,受到科研工作者的广泛关注。本文从粉煤灰的综合利用着手,分析了近年来粉煤灰的研究现状;阐述了粉煤灰的物理化学性质及粉煤灰的形成和精制;概括了当前粉煤灰的主要应用,并对今后粉煤灰的开发利用工作进行了展望。     

红阳煤田红菱煤矿煤矸石地球化学特征及古环境恢复

通过对红菱煤矿7煤和12煤的顶板、底板和夹层煤矸石的矿物、常量、微量、稀土元素的分析发现,这三个层位的煤矸石有较大的区别。利用考奇法恢复古盐度,7煤显示淡水和咸水沉积,12煤有明显的咸水沉积特征。利用微量元素和稀土元素对物源性质及其构造背景分析,结果表明煤矸石的物质来源和构造背景较复杂,源区为长英质或基性岩石区,源区构造背景为大洋岛弧或被动大陆区。     

煤矸石模拟淋滤实验中重金属污染物的释放特征分析

以新疆某采矿区煤矸石为研究对象,采用动态淋滤实验研究煤矸石中Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb的淋出浓度特征,分析4种金属元素的释放规律,评价其对环境的污染程度,考察淋滤条件对金属元素释放的影响。结果表明,Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb在淋滤前期表现为淋出浓度较高,释放速率较快的特征,随着淋滤时间的延长,各金属元素的淋出浓度降低,释放速率减缓,直至淋滤后期淋出浓度趋于稳定,释放量达到平衡;释放量和淋出率分别表现为Cr＞Cu＞Pb＞Cd和Cd＞Cr＞Cu＞Pb;除Cd外,其余金属元素的释放量随淋滤液pH值的减小和氧化还原电位的增加而升高。     

硫磺沟煤矿3#井矿井水处理措施分析

硫磺沟煤矿紧邻头屯河，多年以来煤矿矿井水未做任何处理直接排入头屯河，已经对头屯河造成了污染。本文根据硫磺沟煤矿3^#井矿井水涌水量、水质情况及处理后所排入水体的标准要求，确定矿井水处理工艺、主要处理构筑物及技术参数，以使矿井水达标排放，减轻对头屯河水的污染。     

Characterization of coal burning-derived individual particles emitted from an experimental domestic stove

Coal combustion in the domestic stoves, which is common in most parts of the Chinese countryside, can release harmful substances into the air and cause health issues. In this study, particles emitted from laboratory stove combustion of the raw powder coals were analyzed for morphologies and chemical compositions by using transmission electron microscopy(TEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDX). The coal burning-derived individual particles were classified into two groups: carbonaceous particles(including soot aggregates and organic particles) and non-carbonaceous particles(including sulfate, mineral and metal particles). The non-carbonaceous particles, which constituted a majority of the coal burning-derived emissions, were subdivided into Si-rich, S-rich, K-rich,Ca-rich, and Fe-rich particles according to the elemental compositions. The Si-rich, S-rich and K-rich particles are commonly observed in the coal burning emission. The proportions for particles of different types exhibit obvious coal-issue dependence. Burning of coal with high ash yield could emit more non-carbonaceous particles, and burning of coal with high sulfur content can emit more S-rich particles. By comparing the S-rich particles from this coal burning experiment with those in the atmosphere, we draw a conclusion that some S-rich particles in the atmosphere in China could be mainly sourced from coal combustion.     

采煤塌陷区复垦技术研究

煤矿和土地是人类赖以生存和发展的重要自然资源。煤矿的开采为我国经济、社会发展做出巨大贡献的同时,也造成了大面积的土地塌陷,使我国可利用土地面积进一步减少,严重影响了矿区的生态环境、农业生产、区域经济发展以及人民生活水平的提高。如不对塌陷区进行复垦对我国经济能源等方面都会造成极大的损失。     

煤的微生物浮选法脱硫技术

文章介绍了煤的微生物浮选法脱硫技术的机理和３个影响因子，细菌浓度，捕集剂和浮选柱径高比，同时通过与浸出法的比较，微生物浮选示的反应时间比传统的生物脱硫方法大大缩短，脱除黄铁矿硫的效率高，黄铁矿可回收利用，而且不产生大量的酸性废液，煤的质量同时也获得提高，最后，分析了微生物浮选法脱硫技术的３个发展方向。     

露天煤矿待复垦土地生产潜力评价方法研究

露天煤矿待复垦土地生产潜力评价是编制土地复垦规划的一个重要内容。本文从露天煤矿待复垦土地生产潜力评价的必要性和特殊性出发,分别对评价因子指标定量或定性易量化和定性不易量化等不同类问题进行了评价方法及评价过程的研究,并根据安太堡露天煤矿复垦10年的经验进行了验证。同时,验证的结果应用于生态条件相似的将要开采的安家岭露天煤矿。     

Low-maturity Kulthieth Formation Coal: A Possible Source of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Benthic Sediment of the Northern Gulf of Alaska

The successful application of forensic geology to contamination studies involving natural systems requires identification of appropriate endmembers and an understanding of the geologic setting and processes affecting the systems. Studies attempting to delineate the background, or natural, source for hydrocarbon contamination in Gulf of Alaska (GOA) benthic sediments have invoked a number of potential sources, including seep oils, source rocks, and coal. Oil seeps have subsequently been questioned as significant sources of hydrocarbons present in benthic sediments of the GOA in part because the pattern of relative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) abundance characteristic of benthic GOA sediments is inconsistent with patterns typical of weathered seep oils. Likewise, native coal has been dismissed in part because ratios of labile hydrocarbons to total organic carbon (e.g. PAH: TOC) for Bering River coal field (BRCF) sources are too low--i.e. the coals are over mature--to be consistent with GOA sediments. We present evidence here that native coal may have been prematurely dismissed, because BRCF coals do not adequately represent the geochemical signatures of coals elsewhere in the Kulthieth Formation. Contrary to previous thought, Kulthieth Formation coals east of the BRCF have much higher PAH: TOC ratios, and the patterns of labile hydrocarbons in these low thermal maturity coals suggest a possible genetic relationship between Kulthieth Formation coals and nearby oil seeps on the Sullivan anticline. Analyses of low-maturity Kulthieth Formation coal indicate the low maturity coal is a significant source of PAH. Source apportionment models that neglect this source will underestimate the contribution of native coals to the regional background hydrocarbon signature.