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51.
在我国实施自愿协议式工业环境管理的可行性探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文扼要综述了自愿协议式环境管理的发展、特点及其成因,并且简要介绍了这种新的环境管理方式在欧盟国家的应用情况。该管理方法在欧盟国家的成功,证明它是一个非常有效的环境管理方法,这种方式对解决政府“命令式”管理失灵起到十分有益的补充作用。在我国实施自愿协议式工业环境管理机遇大于风险,学习、改造并引进自愿协议式工业环境管理方法,可以提高我国工业环境管理水平,为实施可持续发展战略服务。 相似文献
52.
Western Australia is a resource-rich province. Since the 1890s, resources booms have played a key role in the development of the state's economy. In the last few years, Western Australia's resources industry has continued to enjoy exceptional conditions created by strong international demand for commodities. This paper aims to examine the likely impact of this commodity boom in the iron ore sector on the Western Australian economy, using a general equilibrium approach. The modeling results indicate that the Western Australian economy will benefit from the expansion in iron ore exports and investment in terms of rising consumption and employment, although at the industry level there will be losers as well as winners. 相似文献
53.
David Humphreys 《Resources Policy》1982,8(3):215-229
The production, price and economic resources profiles of a number of mineral commodities are examined and consideration is given to the theory that such profiles can be related to one another within the framework of a life-cycle model of development. While the behaviour of some of the commodities examined appears to lend support to the theory, that of others reveals fundamental problems with its underlying assumptions. It is concluded that, while the demand for a mineral commodity in specific uses may indeed manifest cyclical tendencies, as a general behavioural theory and as a basis for resource estimation the life-cycle model applied to minerals is of little value. 相似文献
54.
JZL自动输送检针器的研制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
检针器是用来检测藏匿在布制玩具、服装、被子、鞋帽等物品内的金属锐利物 ,是生产厂家和商检部门的必备检测仪器 ,它的灵敏度的高低 ,直接关系到产品的质量和使用者尤其是儿童使用者的安全。笔者讨论了如何通过改进检针器的磁路结构和放大电路 ,提高检针器的灵敏度 ;同时分析研究了各种干扰的来源 ;给出了消除相应干扰的种种措施 相似文献
55.
We introduce consistent conjectures into Barrett (1994) canonical model of international environmental agreements. The existing literature assumes inconsistent Nash conjectures, despite the fact that policymakers recognize that abatement levels are strategic substitutes and increases in abatement generate carbon leakage. With consistent conjectures much of the conventional wisdom is reversed. The non-cooperative abatement level is below the Nash equilibrium. The difference between Nash and consistent conjectures is greatest when benefits are large and costs are small. We find that large coalitions cannot form. However, small coalitions can result in substantial increases in abatement relative to the non-cooperative outcome. 相似文献
56.
运用因子分析法分析了临沂商品城沉积剖面特征微量地球化学元素及其比值,揭示了沂河中游末次冰消期至中全新世的气候演变过程.结果表明,沂河中游末次冰消期至中全新世沂河中游气候演变经历了6个阶段:(1)16866—13630 cal a B.P.末次冰消期气候冷干;(2)13630—10440 cal a B.P.气候回升但在11868—10440 cal a B.P.,气候突然变得冷干,基本上可以与YD气候事件相对应;(3)10440—8672 cal a B.P.进入全新世后气候以冷湿为主;(4)8672—6755 cal a B.P.大暖期气候不稳定波动剧烈,气候干湿交替,以暖湿为主;(5)6755—5850 cal a B.P.气候趋向干旱化;(6)5850—4698 cal a B.P.气候转向暖湿. 相似文献
57.
Marc Pallemaerts 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2003,5(1-2):275-295
This paper provides an overall evaluation of the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), which took place in Johannesburg from 26 August to 4 September 2002, in a historical perspective, against the background of earlier major United Nations conferences and General Assembly resolutions on environment and development. It focuses on the political and institutional context of the WSSD and its preparatory process and explores its policy implications for future international cooperation on sustainable development in a globalizing world. Both the results of the formal intergovernmental negotiations and the new phenomenon of partnerships for sustainable development between governments, international organizations, the private sector and other major groups are analysed. The Johannesburg Declaration and the WSSD Plan of Implementation are shown to contain little in the way of political vision, credible new commitments and innovative approaches, likely to reinvigorate the implementation of the objectives of sustainable development as formulated in Rio. Though ostensibly designed to give a new political impetus to multilateralism, the WSSD rather revealed the inadequacy of intergovernmental political governance structures to address the social and environmental consequences of economic globalization. 相似文献
58.
59.
This paper addresses the question of evaluating how much the different stakeholders stand to gain from a mining project. By carefully analysing the breakdown of the cash-flows generated, we were able to estimate the amounts received by the local community and by the national community (outside the mining area), the taxes and royalties received by the government and the profits made by the mining company. A real options framework was used to take account of the inherent uncertainty on the commodity price and the reserves, and the operating flexibility (that is, the possibility for the company to stop mining if the commodity price drops and/or the reserves prove to be lower than that had been envisaged). A synthetic case-study of a gold mine in West Africa was used to illustrate how this procedure could be applied in practice. By using the real option framework we were able to envisage scenarios for developing an extension to a deposit as a function of future values of the commodity price. The procedure proposed should provide governments and NGOs with more objective data for making policy decisions. 相似文献