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781.
分析了我国加入WTO后职业安全管理存在的新情况,认真回顾总结了计划经济体制下的职业安全管理经验,探讨了市场经济体制下的职业安全管理方法,以最大限度地防止或减少各类事故的发生。 相似文献
782.
J. Bosch F. Strozzi T. J. Snee J. A. Hare J. M. Zaldívar 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2004,17(6):389-395
In this work, we have analysed the use of pressure instead of temperature measurements for the early warning detection of runaway initiation. This is possible due to the fact that our runaway criterion, i.e. div>0, does not depend specifically on which state space variable we are using for divergence calculation. A series of runaway experiments, carried out in a 250 l pilot-scale reactor, has been used to compare the results. In accordance with previous analysis, we show that by using temperature, early detection of runaway initiation is achieved. Analogously to temperature, pressure may be also used for runaway detection. By comparing the different types of reactive systems analysed (vapour and gassy), it can be observed that temperature works better, in terms of earlier detection, than pressure but the differences are more pronounced for vapour than for gassy systems. 相似文献
783.
784.
C. J. C. Phillips J. Tind Sorensen 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》1993,6(1):61-73
Cattle production has the potential of being an important component of sustainable agriculture globally. The ability to transform feed not suitable for humans into high-quality food will be of great importance in the long-term for feeding a growing population. Other aspects such as preservation of landscape values and maintenance of rural communities are highly appreciated values, especially in the industrialized part of the world.To exploit the sustainable potential of cattle production systems, problems of pollution (such as ozone destruction, acid rain, and nitrate leaching) and of health and welfare, which are associated with cattle production, are critically reviewed. The possibilities of integrating cattle production with other types of production are evaluated. Cattle can be used for single purposes such as dairy, beef, and draught, but dairy cows can also be used for restricted suckling combining dairy and beef production. In addition a mixture of species makes grazing more efficient, and a combination of cattle and mixed cropping can increase resource efficiency.The possibilities of using organic cattle production systems as prototypes of sustainable cattle production systems are explored. The effects of production constraints which are applied in organic farming systems are studied. The redirection of values and activities in agriculture is a challenge to cattle production research and to traditional research methodologies. 相似文献
785.
Jefferson Fox Rebekah Kanter Sanay Yarnasarn Methi Ekasingh Royce Jones 《Environmental management》1994,18(3):391-399
This research has two interrelated objectives. The first is to determine the extent to which a relationship exists between
farmer characteristics and farming practices in three villages in northern Thailand. The second is to use standard statistical
methods for incorporating spatial variables into the analysis and to assess the effects of these variables on farmer decision
making. The data base includes information on the location and size of villages, roads, streams, and fields; a digital elevation
model with information on elevation, slope, and aspect; and information keyed to individual fields on crops and cropping methods
and the ethnicity, income, and religion of farmers. The map data (517 plots) were entered into a computerized geographic information
systems (GIS). Results suggest several hypotheses about the relationships between land use and owner characteristics. More
significantly, the study concludes that spatial analysis appears to be most useful when the dependent variable is either continuous
or ordinal. The outlook is not quite as optimistic when the dependent variable is a nonordinal categorical variable. Before
spatial analysis can be applied regularly to social science data, better computational tools need to be developed. 相似文献
786.
John L. Hammen Philip J. Gerla 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1994,30(5):833-840
ABSTRACT: The 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act mandate a multifaceted approach to wellhead protection. This approach includes: (1) delineating wellhead protection areas; (2) identifying and managing potential contaminants; (3) developing contingency plans in the event of weilfield contamination; (4) siting new wells; and (5) encouraging public participation. These elements encompass technical, administrative, and educational considerations. In functioning both as a research tool and as a decision support system, a geographic information system (GIS) is shown to have proven utility in addressing these issues. This article describes the application of common GIS functionality in facilitating a comprehensive wellhead protection scheme for an agricultural municipality in North Dakota. 相似文献
787.
Jiansheng Yan Keith R. Smith 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1994,30(5):879-890
ABSTRACT: The unique characteristics of the hydrogeologic system of south Florida (flat topography, sandy soils, high water table, and highly developed canal system) cause significant interactions between ground water and surface water systems. Interaction processes involve infiltration, evapotranspiration (ET), runoff, and exchange of flow (seepage) between streams and aquifers. These interaction processes cannot be accurately simulated by either a surface water model or a ground water model alone because surface water models generally oversimplify ground water movement and ground water models generally oversimplify surface water movement. Estimates of the many components of flow between surface water and ground water (such as recharge and ET) made by the two types of models are often inconsistent. The inconsistencies are the result of differences in the calibration components and the model structures, and can affect the confidence level of the model application. In order to improve model results, a framework for developing a model which integrates a surface water model and a ground water model is presented. Dade County, Florida, is used as an example in developing the concepts of the integrated model. The conceptual model is based on the need to evaluate water supply management options involving the conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater, as well as the evaluation of the impacts of proposed wellfields. The mathematical structure of the integrated model is based on the South Florida Water Management Model (SFWMM) (MacVicar et al., 1984) and A Modular Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Groundwater Flow Model (MODFLOW) (McDonald and Harbaugh, 1988). 相似文献
788.
D. W. Bacon O. T. Coomes A. A. Marsan N. Rowlands 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1986,22(1):29-38
ABSTRACT: A comparative study of the concentration of asbestos fibers in drinking water supplies of southeastern Quebec was undertaken to assess the relative contributions of fibers by asbestos-bearing railway ballast and naturally occurring asbestos deposits. Water samples were taken from areas where one or the other potential sources or neither potential source was present. In addition, rainwater samples were taken to assess the importance of atmospheric contributions. The sampling design accounted for potential variations in fiber counts due to the season, location and analytical procedures. Fiber concentrations were estimated from counts made on a JEOL 100CX scanning transmission electron microscope and statistically compared among areas. These levels were then compared with levels found in other areas of Canada and the United States. The results indicate that the rail ballast could be contributing statistically (albeit marginally) significant quantities of fibers to water supplies during the summer but not in the spring. Estimated concentrations in water supplies ranged between 1.7 × 106fibers/liter and 147.8 × 106fibers/liter. Fiber levels in samples taken during the spring were significantly higher and more variable than those taken during the summer. The presence of fibers in rainwater samples at concentrations of 1.9 × 106fibers/liter, 18.3 × 106fibers/liter and 23.7 × 106fibers/liter suggests that atmospheric transport may play an important role in contributing fibers to regional systems. Fiber levels found in these systems are not unique when compared to levels observed elsewhere in North America. 相似文献
789.
This paper examines opportunities to improve the environmental and economic performance of cropping systems through intensified
application of information in agrichemical management. Through intensified application of information, both net farm income
and environmental quality may increase through more closely matching the specific needs of the crop with the type, timing,
and volume of chemical inputs used in crop production.
This study examines the current status and future prospect of agrichemical dealers offering information intensive agrichemical
management services to producers.
Agrichemical dealers are the focus of this study because: (1) farmers are perceived as ill-prepared to substantially upgrade
the sophistication of their agrichemical management without off-farm support, and (2) dealers enjoy a close relationship with
farmers, which potentially could be expanded to include a variety of information-based services. A mail survey was conducted
of all agrichemical suppliers/applications in Wisconsin. The response rate was 76% (172 of 225).
Substantial numbers of services were found to be offered by many dealers. The majority of these services were related to traditional
yield-enhancement function. Services that have a greater potential to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of inefficient
agrichemical use and have higher on-farm data requirements were found to be less widely offered by dealers. Analysis of constraints
to further development of information-intensive services indicates that dealers offering significant numbers of services are
concerned with constraints external to the dealership, while dealers offering relatively few services perceive internal constraints
as most limiting. This relationship indicates that efforts to accelerate dealerships' development of information-intensive
agrichemical management services should focus on specific constraints operating on targeted dealerships. 相似文献
790.