半刚性路面基层环境影响评价研究

采用输人输出模型,通过清单分析和归一化处理对我国典型的路面基层材料水泥稳定粒料与石灰稳定粒料以及几种工业固体废弃物路面基层材料的环境影响进行了研究并和水泥混凝土进行了对比.结果表明,工业固体废弃物路面基层对资源能源消耗量少,生产过程中固体废弃物、温室气体、酸雨气体的排放量小.和我国目前广泛使用的水泥稳定粒料相比,其环境影响较小,而且可以被再循环用作水泥生产的混合材,是一类典型的生态建筑材料.     

二硫化钼基杂化物对聚合物火灾安全性影响

为改善聚合物材料的火灾安全性,利用二硫化钼(MoS2)的独特性能,结合纳米复合、催化成炭等设计思路,采用共沉淀法制备CeMnOx-MoS2和CeFeOx-MoS2双金属氧化物-MoS2纳米杂化物,并将其分别应用到2种典型聚合物(聚氨酯和环氧树脂)中.结果 表明:2种杂化物均匀分散在聚合物基体中,可有效延缓聚合物材料的热...     

Source and material balance of total organic halogen pollution in the Ayase River system,Japan

The total organic halogen (TOX) pollution in the highly polluted Ayase River system was investigated. Using the concentration of coexisting linear undecylbenzenesulfonate and the difference in the flowing water volume between summer and winter, the fractions of domestic and agricultural wastewaters in the whole water column were calculated and the variety of the TOX sources in the river was estimated. The river carried about 100 kgCl of TOX materials in one day; about 50 kgCl of the materials was from residential area in the basin. The contribution of agricultural drainage from paddy field was not negligible in summer. Highly contribution of industrial wastewater was observed in a tributary Furuayase River basin while the amount of TOX loaded in the area was widely varied; 0–105 kgCl of the materials was discharged as industrial wastewater.     

日本农村循环经济系统磷代谢分析——以北海道中札内村为例

在介绍日本农村循环经济模式特征的基础上,采用物质流分析方法,选取日本典型农村循环经济模式进行磷代谢分析。结果表明,大量的堆肥和直接还田改善了畜禽排泄物和农村生活对水体环境的影响,但对于减少种植业引起的磷排放未起到关键作用。建议在建设新农村的同时,有必要考虑农村生活-种植业-畜牧业一体化循环经济模式,扩大农村生活废弃物的再资源化量,以减少对系统外环境的污染。     

Industrial ecology flows of agriculture and food industry in Finland: utilizing by-products and wastes

Although half of the administrative units in China are said to have implemented their local Agenda 21, the promotion of sustainable communities is not pervasive. In this paper, we adopted a relatively untried mode of analysis and a socio-economic context to illustrate the potentials and failures of China's grassroots local government bodies in achieving sustainable waste management. Our study shows that, among the three main functions of sustainable waste management (ensuring environmental hygiene, provision of recycling logistics and changing the consumption pattern of the local community) for local governments, grassroots local government bodies in mainland China are only able to do the minimum, i.e. ensuring environmental hygiene and handling complaints. One of the reasons for the failure is that, despite the emphasis on capacity building in China's Agenda 21, the reality is that no action is taken to empower grassroots local government. Despite the high profile accorded by the Chinese central government to motivating local governments to formulate their own Agenda 21, local sustainability and waste management performance have little relevance to the appraisal systems of these government agents.     

气旋活动对福岛核污染物扩散影响的模拟研究

基于拉格朗日粒子扩散模式FLEXPART-WRF,根据Stohl推导的日本福岛第一核电站核事故(下称福岛核事故)发生后40 d内的137Cs排放量数据,对核污染物在中尺度区域的扩散传输进行数值模拟研究,并选取近5年3次典型气旋个例(北方气旋、南方气旋和缓慢移动气旋)进行敏感性试验,以分析不同气旋系统对污染物扩散的影响. 结果表明:福岛核事故发生后,受中纬度西风带影响,核污染物主要向东部太平洋方向扩散;核事故发生后的5 d,受北方气旋和日本南部局地中尺度气旋2次气旋过程的影响,核污染物对日本本土部分地区影响较大,但影响时间不长. 典型气旋个例的敏感性模拟试验结果表明:北方气旋和南方气旋均可使核污染物对日本本土造成一定的影响,但由于气旋移动速度较快,影响日本岛的时间较短,沉降量也较小;当出现缓慢移动气旋影响日本和周边地区时,可致污染物影响日本岛的时间延长,并直接进入东亚大陆.      

带式输送机传动滚筒材料结构损伤检测方法的研究

滚筒的损坏会导致皮带倾斜,严重时会导致皮带撕裂,准确检测滚筒的损伤程度能够避免事故发生,并能够提高经济效益。选择带式输送机的滚筒材料作为研究对象,模拟滚筒所处的温度变化环境,对不同损坏程度的滚筒材料进行环境模拟并测试,通过传感器采集频率响应信号,通过主成分分析、异常值分析和微量组分分析方法,只改变温度数据滚筒材料马氏平方距离值相对平缓,控制在0.06×104,真正损坏的马氏平方距离值远远大于临界值,成功去除温度变化对材料频率响应信号的影响,最终找到了能够准确检测滚筒材料的损伤程度的方法。     

Nitrogen budget and its environmental loading in an urban ecosystem with the rapid urbanisation of China

A detailed nitrogen (N) budget has been developed for an urban ecosystem based on the method of material flow analysis. How increased human activity and urbanisation influences N cycling have also been analysed. Total N input and output in the urban ecosystem of Zhengzhou City (ZUE) was calculated at 304.8?Gg was 275.3?Gg year^?1, resulting in an N accumulation of 29.5?Gg year^?1. Industry and human life activities, which respectively accounted for 43.8% and 34.2% of total N inputs and 52.6% and 29.1% of total N outputs, were the core of N flow in the urban ecosystem. Humans activities mediated more than 98% N inputs into the ZUE, 73.2% of N was released into the atmosphere and 11.7% into hydrosphere. This very large volume of released N could contribute to regional problems. High energy consumption, insufficient wastewater treatment facility practices, and low N use efficiency are the primary causes of pollution. The major challenge ahead for the urban ecosystem is how to manage high-intensity N pollutant inputs to the urban ecosystems coupled with incomplete N cycling and removal. Based on the analysis of the N budget and loading, this study also proposes an N management strategy for the ZUE.     

受限空间网状高分子材料抑制油气爆炸实验研究

为研究新型网状高分子材料对油气爆炸的抑制作用,搭建了狭长受限空间油气爆炸抑制实验系统,进行了油气爆炸抑制实验,通过对比是否按留空率规范填充抑爆材料所达到的3种工况,分析了爆炸超压值、升压速率、火焰强度和火焰持续时间等特性参数变化情况。实验结果表明:新型网状高分子材料对油气爆炸产生的最大爆炸超压值、升压速率和火焰强度有明显的抑制作用;新型网状高分子材料对火焰的传播有明显的阻滞作用,使火焰传播速度减小;当新型材料按照规范填充时,最大爆炸超压值和升压速率分别下降了84.36%和 39.18%以上,火焰被完全熄灭,并且距离点火端越远,抑爆效果越明显。     

巨厚砾岩下冲击地压发生机理及加固技术研究

针对深部矿井巨厚砾岩下采场冲击地压的易发性和危险性,运用理论分析和室内相似材料模拟试验方法,对华丰煤矿巨厚砾岩下覆岩运动规律及采场冲击地压发生机理进行研究。研究发现:随着工作面的推进,离层自下而上发育,在巨厚砾岩层下部离层空间达到最大。煤层极限平衡区内集中静载荷能量E静和巨厚砾岩破断、垮落释放的集中动载荷能量E动是造成采场冲击地压的根本原因,并且E动诱发冲击地压的强度更高,危险性更大。当E静+E动-Ef min>0时,采场冲击地压启动。在此基础上,提出一种囊袋式离层加固技术,对离层区域进行横向挤压和纵向加固,有效控制巨厚砾岩断裂、垮落,防止冲击地压的发生,减少地表沉陷,实现了煤矿安全绿色开采。