我国四个港湾疏浚物石油污染

文中叙述了１９８８￣１９９０年间，我国４个港湾－大连湾、天津港、深圳湾及珠江河段各疏浚区疏浚物中油类污染调查及分布状况。文中介绍了站位布设原则，样品采集、样品处理、分析测试方法。进行了沾污疏浚物油类出溶出实验，认为油类溶出实验是估价疏浚物油类污染的程度的重要手段。讨论了４港湾疏浚物油类污染水平。大连湾海域疏浚物石油污染明显，珠江河段，深圳湾及天津港疏浚物稍受影响，基本上是清洁的。     

废水中GaAs、Ga~(3+)、Ge~(4+)对活性污泥脱氢酶的影响及其抑制动力学

以活性污泥脱氢酶的活性作为毒性指标,研究了半导体材料GaAs、Ga~(3+)、Ge~(4+)对活性污泥活性的抑制影响,并用Hg~(2+)作为参比材料;同时对抑制动力学也作了初步研究。实验表明,GaAs、Ga~(3+)、Ge~(4+)及Hg~(2+)的10％抑制浓度分别为45.00,371.63,0.13ppm/gMLSS,GaAs、Ga~(3+)、Ge~(4+)和Hg~(2+)在浓度分别为180,700,250和1.25ppm/g MLSS时的抑制常数分别为1.30×10~(-3),7.05×10~(-3),6.12×10~(-3)和5.49×10~(-3)mmol,且其抑制类型均属可逆非竞争性抑制。     

成土母质对土壤团聚体形成的影响

成土母质对土壤团聚体数量及其稳定性的影响与不同母质所含无机胶体（粘粒、游离氧化物）的差别有关．对浙江省八类母质发育的土壤的团聚体组成的研究表明：母质对土壤团聚体及其水稳定性影响顺次为玄武岩＞石灰岩、Q2红土＞花岗岩、石英砂岩＞泥页岩＞紫砂岩＞红砂岩．其中母质对5－1mm粒级的水稳性团聚体的影响最为显著．     

聚乙烯可环境消纳塑料的生物降解性能研究

采用生物活性剂对无机粉体进行表面处理,利用碱性无机材料的吸水性能制备出含少量淀粉和碱性无机材料的光钙型可环境消纳聚乙烯制品,通过力学性能、ASTM生物降解性能和卫生性能等分析,结果表明,该制品达到了HJBZ12-2000标准中规定的包装制品的标准要求和生物降解率的技术要求.     

自来水厂污泥作填埋场覆盖材料的试验研究

作者对上海市闵行自来水厂污泥渗透系数、重金属含量、浸出液性质进行了分析研究 ,研究结果表明 ,在10 0kPa压力 (一般填埋场压实设备的压实压力 )下 ,污泥的渗透系数为 1.3× 10 -7cm/s ,符合国家规定 ,污泥可以作为填埋场终场覆盖材料。同时 ,边坡稳定的分析研究结果还表明 ,该厂污泥铺设的斜坡倾角不宜超过 16 .5度     

不同管材水管与静态自来水水质间的相互影响

对比了铝塑复合管(PAP)、铜管、不锈钢管和镀锌铁管对静态自来水的总有机碳(TOC)、溶解氧(DO)、浊度、细菌总数和大肠菌群等水质指标的影响。实验结果表明,铜管对自来水水质指标影响最小,且具有良好的卫生性能。同时,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)的观察,对比分析了铜管和铝塑复合管在浸泡实验前后其内表面形态特征的变化,结果显示自来水中浸泡10个月以后,铜管内表面密集地分布着块状的孔雀石晶体,而铝塑复合管内表面已严重变形,产生很多褶皱。     

铁床在高色度有机废水处理中的应用

本文介绍了铁床应用于高色度有机废水处理的反应机理和典型工艺流程,分析了影响其处理效果的主要因素,指出了目前在铁床应用中存在的几个问题并初步探讨了相应的对策。     

Strontium isotope constraints on the seasonal variation of the provenance of base cations in rain water at Kawakami, Central Japan

The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in monthly precipitation in the forested basin at Kawakami, central Japan, varied seasonally from 0.709 to 0.711 in spring to as low as 0.7062 ± 0.0004 in autumn over nine years from 1987 to 1995. The seasonal variation can be explained in terms of the mixing of three sources of Sr: sea salt (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr 0.70917), soluble eolian minerals originating from deserts in continental Asia ( 0.711), and biogenic materials growing on soils derived from the volcanic rock substrates in the vicinity ( 0.706). It is estimated that the contribution of sea-salt Sr into the Kawakami rain Sr is relatively constant (10 ± 5%) and that more than half of the Sr is of biogenic origin throughout the year except during spring rains when 50% of the Sr is due to the dissolution of Ca-minerals from Asian dusts. The dominant contribution of eolian components to spring rains is consistent with the high concentration of ³H, which is typical of air masses from Asia.     

不同生态系统中细菌遗传物质的转移

核苷酸序列分析和全基因组序列分析表明,细菌的进化通常是由于不同种属之间遗传物质水平转移而推进,基因转移的主要方式有转化、转导和接合,本文综述了有关自然界不同生态系统中细菌遗传物质转移的研究,这些研究可以促使更好地评估基因的水平转移,同时在农业生产或环境补救时人们会特意向环境中释放天然或重组细菌,了解环境中基因的水平转移对于安全评估这些细菌造成的后果也是必需的,参46     

Invertebrate recolonization of fine-grained beneficial use schemes: An example from the southeast coast of England

The disposal of maintenance dredged material constitutes one of the most important problems in coastal zone management. To minimise ecological impacts, a number of ‘beneficial use’ options have developed whereby the material is regarded as a potential resource and used to recharge or recreate intertidal habitats. This paper presents the results of a sampling programme to investigate the macrofaunal recovery rates, and the underlying mechanisms responsible for them, following a beneficial use scheme involving the placement of fine-grained dredged material on a salt marsh in southeast England. Three stations in the recharge area and three reference stations, located within the same salt marsh system, were selected. These stations were sampled prior to recharge (recharge stations only) then 1 week, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months after the recharge. Sediment redox potentials (1, 2 and 4 cm sediment depths) were also measured on each sampling occasion. The results indicated a rapid recolonization of the fauna typical of the surrounding salt marsh channels. All univariate parameters had recovered after 3 months after the recharge. Active post-juvenile immigration is likely to have been the predominant recovery process. Multivariate data analysis revealed that the community structure of the recharge stations, however, did not progress towards those of the reference sites. Natural spatial variability in community structure at the scale of the recharge-reference station distance, and differences in eventual tidal elevations are factors responsible for these differences. The need to carefully assess reference site suitability in monitoring beneficial use schemes is discussed.