渤海海洋资源价值量核算的研究

探讨海洋资源核算的目的在于重新建立海洋资源价值观，科学评价、合理开发利用海洋资源，为实施有效的管理、保障区域海洋经济的可持续发展提供依据。以海洋资源分类为基础，构建了水产，港址、海洋石油、海盐、滨海景观、滩涂等海洋资源价值量评估的基本方法。以渤海为研究区域．以2004年为基准年．对上述海洋资源初步进行货币化的价值量核算。结果表明：环渤海地区主要海洋资源价值为8028亿元．相当于当年环渤海地区生产总值的24％；海洋资源价值以港址资源为主。占总价值的38．56％；海洋资源价值主要分布在山东地区。占总价值的47.4％；单位岸线海洋资源价值差异大，其中天津最高为7．84亿元／km；海洋资源开发雷同现象严重．环渤海各地区均以海洋渔业、港口运输业和滨海旅游业为主。     

国外物质流分析研究进展

回顾了国外物质流分析研究的起源和发展,并对其主流研究方法作一概述;探讨了物质流分析研究框架及指标体系的发展及应用,对30余个国家的指标体系使用情况做一统计;总结了国外已研究物质流分析的主要国家物质流分析信息的应用情况;指出了国外物质流分析研究的不足之处。     

高水速凝材料浆体流变特性研究

高水速材料是一种新型无机材料，其体积比合水率达９０％，称为“点水成石”。高水材料加水制成净浆可用于煤矿巷旁充填和灌注：高水材料具有不同于水泥的团结特性，可团结粘土、污泥和矿山尾砂等工业废料，高水材料与上述骨料加水后制成砂浆，输送浓度为６０～７５％，具有良好的流动性和输送性。在此重点介绍高水材料浆体的流变特性研究的成果，包括高水材料浆体的类型、流变特性、屈服应力、结构粘度与浆体浓度的关系，以及高水材料浆体的输送特性和管道阻力的计算公式，以便更好的推广和广泛使用。     

新型环保塑料制品CT的应用前景

解决白色垃圾污染问题的根本在于推广应用新型环保塑料制品。CT塑料制品的生产、使用和最终处理过程都符合环保要求，是的一次性食品仪器容器替代品。     

AC-13混合料路面在郑石高速公路的应用

本文针对郑州至石人山高速公路路面上面层施工的工程实践,论述了AC-13原材料的特点及质量控制要求,探讨了AC-13混合料的配合比设计方法,并总结了施工中的质量控制要点.该研究成果可为其他类似工程提供参考和借鉴.     

Properties of alkali-activated fly ash: high performance to lightweight

Alkali ash material (AAM) concrete is a unique material that is sustainable and cost-effective because it utilises waste fly ash, and has properties superior to other concrete products. The AAM concrete described here is produced from the addition of inexpensive chemicals to fly ash. AAM can be used to create a wide range of materials including high performance concrete (HPC-AAM) and lightweight (LW-AAM). The high performance AAM provides rapid strength gain along with high ultimate strengths of more than 110 MPa (16000 psi). LW-AAM can produce materials with densities ranging from 1200 to 2200 kg/m³ and compressive strengths from 2 (290 psi) to 65 MPa (9500 psi). Both HPC-AAM and LW-AAM have far better environmental resistance than Portland cement concrete, resisting attack from sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and organic acids. AAMs resists freeze–thaw attack and high abrasion, possesses low chloride permeability and does not exhibit alkali silica reactivity.     

基于物质代谢的中国纺织业生态效率评价

生态效率是衡量循环经济发展水平的重要指标,它同时考虑经济效益和环境效益,将可持续发展目标融入不同层面的经济活动.论文以物质代谢为基础,采用价值-影响比值法建立行业生态效率的度量模型,并提出行业经济模式评价概念模型.以我国纺织业为例,核算该行业能源和废物代谢以及物质代谢的生态效率.结果表明:随着我国纺织业的快速发展,能源与废物代谢通量呈现出增长势头,但生态效率不断提高.1996-2005年阐,我国纺织业工业总产值增加了2.68倍,能源效率和环境效率分别提高了1.80和1.88倍左右,生态效率提高了2.6倍.我国纺织业生态效率评估结果同时显示,1996-2005年期间纺织业经历了传统发展模式、末端治理模式,并开始向循环经济模式转变.虽然我国纺织业物质代谢的生态效率在提高,但是随着物质资源的日益稀缺,物质代谢的生态效率仍需进一步提高,而提高生态效率的关键是资源效率与环境效率的协同发展.     

A comparison of four sustainable manufacturing strategies

Effective use of materials is one possible component of a sustainable manufacturing strategy. There are many such strategies proposed in the literature and used in practice, with confusion over what they are, what the differences among them may be and how they can be used by practitioners in design and manufacture to improve the sustainability of their product and processes. This paper reviews the literature on sustainable manufacturing strategies that deliver improved material performance. Four primary strategies were found: waste minimisation; material efficiency; resource efficiency; and eco‐efficiency. The literature was analysed to determine the key characteristics of these sustainable manufacturing strategies and 17 characteristics were found. The four strategies were then compared and contrasted against all the characteristics. While current literature often uses these strategy titles in a confusing, occasionally inter‐changeable manner, this study attempts to create clear separation between them. Definition, scope and practicality of measurement are shown to be key characteristics that impact upon the ability of manufacturing companies to make effective use of the proposed strategy. It is observed that the most actionable strategies may not include all of the dimensions of interest to a manufacturer wishing to become more sustainable, creating a dilemma between ease of implementation and breadth of impact.     

Construction and demolition waste generation in cities in India: an integrated approach

ABSTRACT

This paper quantifies construction and demolition waste (C&DW) generation rate in Indian cities using bottom-up material flow analysis approach. A dynamic model was applied to different classes of cities in India to investigate how C&DW generation rate varies across different classes of cities. The data on construction and demolition activities in different classes of cities were estimated from information reported in secondary literature. The results show that urban areas in India generated over 150 million tonnes of C&DW in 2016, and almost 50% of waste was generated in small to medium towns. The paper concludes with discussion on opportunities for recycling of C&DW and closing the material loops in Indian cities.     

Dynamic material flow analysis of zinc resources in China

Zinc is one of the most widely applied nonferrous metals in China. Study on the applications and recurrent situation of zinc resources is of great strategic importance for the sustainable development of China's economy. In this paper, a dynamic material flow analysis (MFA) method has been adopted to analyze quantificationally zinc resources in China, as well as to analyze and predict the quantity of zinc product scrap and their recycling situation. The weighted average method was applied to calculate average lifetimes of six major zinc products in China. The average lifetimes of battery, zinc oxide, zinc die-casting alloys, zinc material products, galvanized zinc and brass are 0.17, 5.3, 11.1, 12, 21 and 30 years, respectively. Assuming the lifetime of zinc product group obeys the Weibull distribution and the consumption of zinc products varies linearly with time, the future consumption and scrap generation of zinc products will increase continuously. It is expected that they would increase from 49% to 76% during 2004–2020, respectively. Assuming the recycling rate remains unchanged with time, the zinc old scrap index, both the theoretical and actual values, would continue increasing in China. The values are expected to reach 0.402 and 0.076 by 2020, respectively. Therefore, the regeneration resource of depreciated zinc is actually insufficient in China. According to the scenario analysis, the actual value of old scrap indexes is positively correlated with the recycling rate of zinc products. Because galvanized products are the largest consumption area of zinc products in China, the influence of their recycling rate on old scrap index is obviously larger than other zinc products. Through the analysis, this paper suggests that the increase of the recycling rate of zinc products could not only improve to a certain degree China's relative shortage of zinc resources, but greatly relive the supply pressure of zinc in the world.