微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选

从废水、土壤、活性污泥中筛选到2株絮凝剂产生菌。参照伯杰氏手册进行菌种分类鉴定,初步确定均属氮单胞菌属（Azomonas sp.)。将Azomonas sp.在产絮凝剂的培养基中进行发酵培养后,测定其对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝活性。废水絮凝实验表明,该菌种所产絮凝剂絮凝效果明显,可絮凝各种水溶液中的悬浮物质。     

Antilysozyme Activity as a Factor of Algae Survival in Aquatic Biocenoses

Field and laboratory investigations were performed to study the distribution and functional significance of antilysozyme activity (ALA) in algal cultures. According to the results obtained, ALA as a trait is widespread among green and blue-green algae but is expressed to different extents. Experiments on the algae–zooplankters model showed that ALA is a factor facilitating the survival of algae in freshwater communities by promoting the establishment of their trophic and symbiotic relationships with other aquatic organisms. Analyzing the intrapopulation structure of algal cultures associated with zooplankters, it was shown that changes in the ALA of algal clones have adaptive significance, providing for a greater stability of algal populations in biocenoses.     

关于“倡导绿色文明,创建绿色家园”活动社会效应的调研报告

归纳了绿色创建的基本情况,主要做法,对活动所产生的社会效应进行了探讨,找出活动中存在的问题,提出了未来工作建议。     

Ecotoxicological assessment of doxycycline in soil

Doxycycline has been used in continually increasing quantities for mass treatment of food animals because of its greater bioavailability relative to older tetracyclines. The study presented in this paper was undertaken to investigate the degradation rate of the tetracycline derivative in manure-amended soil. In the present experiment, following composting, the doxycycline-contaminated manure was applied to agricultural land, and a field study was performed to investigate the degradation rate of doxycycline in soil. By the end of the 20-week sampling period, about 20 %, 33 % and 18 % of the initial doxycycline concentrations could be measured in soil samples taken at three different soil depths. The calculated half-life of doxycycline in the soil was 66.5, 76.3 and 59.4 days at depths of 0 cm, 25 cm and 50 cm, respectively. The potential effect of doxycycline on soil microbial activity was demonstrated by the nitrogen transformation test performed in compliance with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guideline No. 216. On day 28, the following nitrate concentrations of the control soil sample were found in the soil samples treated with different amounts of doxycycline: 76.9 %, 53.0 %, 65.6 %, 59.7 % and 77.1 %.     

Biological evaluation of SZI‐121, a new miticide

Abstract

A large number of tetrazine analogues were synthetised and tested as miticides. A comprehensive screening system was applied to recognise some effects important in terms of field performance. A promising new substance, coded as SZI‐121 was choosen for further development. It proved to be about four‐times more active as an ovicide (LC₅₀=0.05 ppm) than the reference clofentezine, when administered to the eggs directly (LC₅₀=0.23 ppm). In contrast to clofentezine which has solely a contact mode of action, SZI‐121 has excelent translaminar activity acting on already laid eggs (LC₅₀= 18.66 ppm) or those in females feeding on the opposite, non‐treated side of the leaf (LC₅₀=5.11 ppm). High toxicity of SZI‐121 to the chrysalis form (LC₅₀=0.39 ppm) was also observed. The field rate of SZI‐121 is 60–100 g a.i./ha against a wide range of phytophagous mites including European red mite (Panonychus ulmi), two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), grape leaf rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis), vine leaf blister mite (Colomerus vitis), apple leaf rust mite (Aculus schlechtendali), stone fruit leaf rust mite (Vasates fockeui). Because it stops the development of mites in egg and chrysalis forms simultaneously, SZI‐121 can be used independently from actual development stages of mites during the whole season as the field trials demonstrated. These characteristics permit SZI‐121 to be easily fitted into integrated pest management.     

Tactics, effectiveness and avoidance of mate guarding in the blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii)

We examined the dynamics and avoidance of mate guarding, by males and females, in the blue-footed booby, in which the two social mates are usually simultaneously present on the territory but each of them is unmonitored by the other for one-quarter of its time. Both sexes were promiscuous and liable to switch mates. Cuckolded individuals did not increase their overall presence on the territory, but in response to the extra-pair (EP) courtships of their mates, both sexes doubled their rate of intra-pair (IP) courtship and sometimes showed aggression. The male or female's presence depressed the social mate's EP activity, but intra-pair courtship had no such effect, tending even to propitiate that EP activity. Similarly, when females responded to their social mates' EP courtship with approach or aggression, disruption of EP activity was short-lived. Promiscuous females modified their diurnal pattern of attendance, as if attempting to sidestep monitoring by their mates, but cuckolded males matched the modification. Both sexes tended to perform their EP activities at a distance when their mates were present, possibly to evade monitoring or disruption by their mates. Male and female boobies cannot monitor their mates continuously, they do little to facultatively adjust their presence on territory to the risk of infidelity, and their immediate responses to overt infidelity have only the briefest impact; but the information they acquire while monitoring their mates may be critical to constraining their mates' infidelity and also to calibrating their own reproductive investment.     

光照对芦丁稳定性及抑菌活性的影响

黄酮类化合物具有多羟基结构易被氧化,为了解其羟基被氧化后,是否还具有抑菌、抗癌等多种生物学活性,对芦丁光照处理前后的含量、抗氧化活性(清除DPPH.和还原能力)、分子结构以及抑菌活性进行了比较研究.结果表明,随着光照时间的延长,芦丁含量和抗氧化活性均呈下降趋势,降解反应属于一级反应,半衰期为187.3 d.结构鉴定表明,光照处理芦丁母核结构没有降解,只是A环5、7-OH和B环3′、4′-OH氢解离,芦丁在溶液中以负离子或自由基形式存在.芦丁氧化前后的浓度与抑菌效果均成良好的量效关系,其相关系数分别为0.933 2和0.933 0.但氧化芦丁的EC50值(15.58 g/L)与对照(6.34 g/L)相比差异显著(P<0.01).可见,氧化芦丁的抑菌活性明显降低.这进一步表明,芦丁分子结构的细微改变与体外的抗氧化活性和抑菌活性三者之间的构效关系基本一致.     

Public Discourse and the Rhetorical Construction of the Technospecter

Modern technological disasters and their human and environmental consequences often defy the imagination in their immensity and complexity. As such, their rhetorical constructions often lack tangibility and a sense of material reality for those not directly involved. These amorphous constructions are consolidated into a view of technological disaster and threats of disaster in which the rhetorical dimensions are analogous to those of ghosts portrayed in popular literature and film—a view the author terms the “technospecter.” Drawing on the public discourse surrounding a tragic pipeline explosion near Carlsbad, New Mexico, this study identifies the rhetorical dimensions of the technospecter and discusses how the construction of the specter reinforces the meta-narratives that constrain pro-environmental action.     

Aspects of Tests and Assessment of Filtering Materials Used for Respiratory Protection Against Bioaerosols. Part II: Sweat in the Environment,Microorganisms in the Form of a Bioaerosol

The second part of the article presents the results of a study of antimicrobial activity of filter nonwovens with an addition of biocides, as a function of the presence of sweat in the environment and the method of microbe deposition on a nonwoven in the form of a liquid and a bioaerosol. At the same time, the filtration efficiency of nonwovens against microorganisms in the form of a bioaerosol was tested with the dynamic method. The results showed that the addition of sweat on the surface of a nonwoven resulted in an insignificant decrease of biological activity that still remained high. Moreover, an active nonwoven showed biostatic and biocidal activity only when microbes were deposited on the surface in the form of a solution. The nonwoven did not show any biological activity after deposition of microorganisms with the dynamical method in the form of a bioaerosol.