电炉烟气热管余热回收的除尘系统设计

电炉烟气余热回收是近几年最新发展的节能减排措施。介绍目前应用的热管余热回收装置的基本结构、工作原理及具有的优势,该装置已经得到成功应用,特别适合用于VOD冶炼特钢工艺中替代蒸汽锅炉。     

黄浦江上游水源保护区农田氮磷养分平衡分析

通过对黄浦江上游水源保护区各类农田氮磷养分输入和输出的实地调查和资料分析,采用养分平衡盈亏评价方法,研究了黄浦江上游水源保护区不同类型农田养分平衡现状.结果表明:黄浦江上游水源保护区水田、旱地、园地氮素实际平衡盈亏率分别为31.17％、49.78％、44.33％,分别高出允许平衡盈亏率30.46％、90.18％ 、37...     

Influence of alkalinity, hardness and dissolved solids on drinking water taste: A case study of consumer satisfaction

Two surveys of consumer satisfaction with drinking water conducted by Taiwan Water Supply Corp. are presented in this study. The study results show that although a lot of money was invested to modify traditional treatment processes, over 60% of local residents still avoided drinking tap water. Over half of the respondents felt that sample TT (from the traditional treatment process) was not a good drinking water, whether in the first or second survey, whereas almost 60% of respondents felt that samples PA, PB, CCL and CT (from advanced treatment processes) were good to drink. For all drinking water samples, respondent satisfaction with a sample primarily depended on it having no unpleasant flavors. Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration plans to revise the drinking water quality standards for TH and TDS in the near future. The new standards require a lower TH concentration (from currently 400mg/L (as CaCO(3)) to 150mg/L (as CaCO(3))), and a lower TDS maximum admissible concentration from the current guideline of 600 to 250mg/L. Therefore, this study also evaluated the impacts on drinking water tastes caused by variations in TH and TDS concentrations, and assessed the need to issue more strict drinking water quality standards for TH and TDS. The research results showed that most respondents could not tell the difference in water taste among water samples with different TDS, TH and alkalinity. Furthermore, hardness was found to be inversely associated with cardiovascular diseases and cancers, and complying with more strict standards would lead most water facilities to invest billions of dollars to upgrade their treatment processes. Consequently, in terms of drinking water tastes alone, this study suggested that Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration should conduct more thorough reviews of the scientific literature that provides the rationale for setting standards and reconsider if it is necessary to revise drinking water quality standards for TH and TDS.     

Changes in nitrogen budget and potential risk to the environment over 20 years (1990-2010) in the agroecosystems of the Haihe Basin, China

The nitrogen balance can serve as an indicator of the risk to the environment of nitrogen loss from agricultural land. To investigate the temporal and spatial changes in agricultural nitrogen application and its potential threat to the environment of the Haihe Basin in China, we used a database of county-level agricultural statistics to calculate agricultural nitrogen input, output, surplus intensity, and use efficiency. Chemical fertilizer nitrogen input increased by 51.7% from 1990 to 2000 and by 37.2% from 2000 to 2010, concomitant with increasing crop yields. Simultaneously, the nitrogen surplus intensity increased by 53.5% from 1990 to 2000 and by 16.5% from 2000 to 2010, presenting a continuously increased environmental risk. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased from 0.46 in 1990 to 0.42 in 2000 and remained constant at 0.42 in 2010, partly due to fertilizer composition and type improvement. This level indicates that more than half of nitrogen inputs are lost in agroecosystems. Our results suggest that although the improvement in fertilizer composition and types has partially offset the decrease in nitrogen use efficiency, the environmental risk has still increased gradually over the past 20 years, along with the increase in crop yields and nitrogen application. It is important to achieve a better nitrogen balance through more effective management to significantly reduce the environmental risk, decrease nitrogen surplus intensity, and increase nitrogen use efficiency without sacrificing crop yields.     

亚氯酸钠溶液烟气脱硝与烟气余热回收的一体化试验

锅炉烟气中的NO_x是大气污染的重要原因之一.针对燃气锅炉NO_x超低排放的要求以及烟气中大量余热被浪费的现状,提出了烟气脱硝与余热回收一体化的新方法,通过搭建一体化试验台,分析在烟气余热回收的条件下,c[NaClO₂（亚氯酸钠）]、液气比、喷淋水温度等因素对脱硝效率以及烟气余热回收效率的影响.烟气脱硝与余热回收一体化的新方法主要体现在逆流式烟气喷淋塔中,可利用NaClO₂溶液对低φ（NO_x）的烟气脱硝并同时回收烟气余热.试验结果表明,c（NaClO₂）越高、pH越低、液气比越大,NaClO₂溶液脱硝率越高.当c（NaClO₂）为0.020 0 mol/L、喷淋水温度在30~80℃之间变化时,存在最优的喷淋水温度64℃,使脱硝率最高为36%.同时,液气比及喷淋水温度对余热回收效果影响显著,液气比越大、喷淋水温度越低,余热回收效果越好.试验结果还显示了当烟气温度为83℃、喷淋水温度为48℃、c（NaClO₂）为0.015 0~0.020 0 mol/L、液气比为13.8 L/m3时,烟气脱硝效率约为40%,同时回收了26.4 kW的烟气余热.研究显示,在逆流式烟气喷淋塔中,利用NaClO₂溶液进行烟气脱硝并同时回收烟气余热的一体化方法是可行的,可应用于工程实践.      

污泥缺氧好氧消化的减量研究

实验主要进行缺氧好氧工艺在不同运行条件下消化效果的研究;在常温和中温下,与传统污泥好氧消化处理的效果对比,并进行pH等控制参数的统计规律分析,提出优化处理工艺条件,也为污泥缺氧好氧消化工艺的设计、运行管理和进一步研究提供可靠的理论依据。