震害信息遥感获取技术历史、现状和趋势

回顾了基于遥感进行的震害信息获取技术的发展历史,总结了各个遥感技术发展阶段所采用的震害识别技术,对震害识别技术进行了分类,给出了每种分类方法的划分标准和原则,并对每一种震害识别方法的特点进行了分析和评价,指出了其各自的技术关键、优势和不足.根据现行各种识别技术的特点,结合遥感技术发展状况和地震灾害的特点,分析了震害信息获取技术的发展趋势.     

PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION IN A TWO‐MULTIPLIER SEDIMENT YIELD MODEL1

ABSTRACT: A process based, distributed runoff erosion model (KINEROS2) was used to examine problems of parameter identification of sediment entrainment equations for small watersheds. Two multipliers were used to reflect the distributed nature of the sediment entrainment parameters: one multiplier for a raindrop induced entrainment parameter, and one multiplier for a flow induced entrainment parameter. The study was conducted in three parts. First, parameter identification was studied for simulated error free data sets where the parameter values were known. Second, the number of data points in the simulated sedigraphs was reduced to reflect the effect of temporal sampling frequency on parameter identification. Finally, event data from a small range‐land watershed were used to examine parameter identifiability when the parameter values are unknown. Results demonstrated that whereas unique multiplier values can be obtained for simulated error free data, unique parameter values could not be obtained for some event data. Unique multiplier values for raindrop induced entrainment and flow induced entrainment were found for events with greater than a two‐year return period (～25 mm) that also had at least 10 mm of rain in ten minutes. It was also found that the three‐minute sampling frequency used for the sediment sampler might be inadequate to identify parameters in some cases.     

DETERMINING THE ACCURACY OF COHERENT OPTICAL IDENTIFICATION OF DIATOMS1

ABSTRACT: The discriminating capability of a coherent optical processor in identifying diatom species was tested using 25 species selected by diatom taxonomists. A 25 × 25 matrix of auto- and cross-correlations was used for this purpose. In no case did cross-correlation signals approach the intensity of auto-correlations indicating that false identifications were extremely improbable. Shape and height differences of the cross-correlation signals can be attributed to variations in diatom shapes, sizes, and cell wall morphology.     

企业生产系统危险源的结构、特征及其辨识

根据社会-技术系统理论,企业的生产系统可看作是一个多层递阶控制系统,该系统可能呈现不同的安全状态;应用系统科学理论分析表明,企业生产系统的安全功能缺陷是危险源可能的存在形式,而企业生产系统的集成缺陷是其安全功能缺陷的重要原因,危险源具有层次化的结构和对象化的特征;对比分析表明,要全面认识企业生产系统的危险源,需在对工作场所危险生成和事故发生原因进行基本的要素分析的基础上,结合企业生产系统状态和功能进行分析。总之,综合应用多种危险源分析和辨识方法,从系统要素、系统状态和系统功能的角度可更好地认识危险源。     

皖北朱仙庄矿塌陷湖水域重金属含量特征及其源解析

以皖北朱仙庄矿塌陷湖水域为研究对象,通过现场调查取样,室内测试分析等手段,对Pb、V、Cr、Cu、Co、Ni 6种重金属元素的含量特征进行研究,结果表明,塌陷湖6种重金属元素含量均值的高低顺序为VCuNiPbCrCo,变异系数依次为PbCoCrCuNiV,其中Pb、Co变异系数分别为99.7%和93.6%,空间分异大。箱体图显示,6种重金属元素的含量均不同程度高于环境背景值,塌陷湖Ⅱ中6种重金属元素含量较高,受人类活动影响较大,塌陷湖Ⅳ受人类活动影响最小。聚类分析和主成分分析表明,朱仙庄矿塌陷湖水域重金属元素来源存在差异,其中Pb、Cu来源于煤矸石淋溶作用;V、Co来源于燃煤作用;Cr来源于自然界,Ni元素具有来源的复合性。     

科学识别环境健康传导链的六大特征

区域环境污染情景特点决定了环境健康传导链的具体特征,不同环境污染情景下环境健康传导链在目标污染物、目标区域、主要介质、潜在暴露途径、目标人群、健康效应等六个方面具有显著的差异.科学识别环境健康传导链的六大特征是环境污染情景分析和识别具体区域环境健康问题特征的关键环节,是制定环境健康危害调查技术方案和解决环境健康问题的技术基础.     

What signals does procedural justice climate convey? The roles of group status,and organizational benevolence and integrity

We propose and test a theoretical framework to explore why and how procedural justice climate influences individual behaviors after controlling for the influence of individual justice perception. Two types of symbolic information conveyed by procedural justice climate are considered. We argue that procedural justice climate reflects the status of or respect for a justice recipient, a work unit within an organization in our context, which then influences the identification of its members with the work unit. Procedural justice climate also reflects the moral attributes of a justice actor, herein an organization, which then influences organizational identification and perceived job security. Consistent with these arguments, results showed that perceived respect for the work unit mediated the relationship between procedural justice climate and identification with the work unit, and both perceived organizational benevolence and integrity mediated the relationship of procedural justice climate with organizational identification and job security. The two types of social identification and perceived job security were related to several outcome variables differently. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A structural decomposition-based diagnosis method for dynamic process systems using HAZID information

A novel diagnosis method is proposed in this paper that uses the results of the blended HAZID analysis extended to the dynamic case of process systems controlled by operational procedures. The algorithm is capable of finding fault root causes in process systems using nominal and observed possible faulty operational procedure execution traces. The algorithm uses the structural decomposition of the process system and its component-level dynamic HAZID (P-HAZID) tables and executes the diagnosis component-wise by first decomposing the observed execution traces, and then assembling the diagnosis results. The exact structure of the algorithm is also discussed, followed by two case studies on which its operation is demonstrated.     

Dynamic approach to risk management: Application to the Hoeganaes metal dust accidents

Several major accidents caused by metal dusts were recorded in the past few years. For instance, in 2011, three accidents caused by iron dust killed five workers at the Hoeganaes Corp. facility in Gallatin, Tennessee (USA). In order to prevent such accidents, a dynamic approach to risk management was defined in this study. The method is able to take into account new risk notions and early warnings and to systematically update the related risk. It may be applied not only in the design phase of a system, but also throughout the system lifetime as a support to a more precise and robust decision making process. The synergy of two specific techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment was obtained: the Dynamic Procedure for Atypical Scenarios Identification (DyPASI) and the Dynamic Risk Assessment (DRA) methods. To demonstrate its effectiveness, this approach was applied to the analysis of Gallatin metal dust accidents. The application allowed collecting a number of risk notions related to the plant, equipment and materials used. The analysis of risk notions by means of this dynamic approach could have led to enhanced hazard identification and dynamic real-time risk assessment. However, the approach described is effective only if associated to a proper safety culture, in order to produce an appropriate and robust decision making response to emerging risk issues.     

职业健康安全体系在火电机组调试中的实践应用

本文主要介绍在土耳其阿特拉斯2×600MW伊斯肯德伦电厂调试项目部建立职业健康安全体系,以及所有系统试运、试验的危险源辨识和预防措施制定问题,为机组安全调试和避免人员健康损害提供了保证,也为火电调试机组调试项目建立职业健康安全体系提供了借鉴意义。