聚吡咯电响应膜的油水分离及抗污染性能

膜分离是重要的油水分离技术,但由于高分子膜材料的疏水性,在油水分离过程中易发生膜的油污黏附和堵塞,导致膜分离效果下降和膜工作寿命缩短。该研究采用共混改性-原位化学氧化一步法制备了聚吡咯(PPy)导电膜,发现PPy掺杂后膜表面具有更多微纳凸起结构,粗糙度增加;施加还原电位可调节膜孔径收缩并增加亲水性,提高油水分离性能和抗污染能力。持续施加-1 V电压时,PPy导电膜孔径收缩10.59%,水接触角由96 °降低至45 °;此时油水分离效率高达99.38%。经过5次乳化液污染循环实验后,PPy导电膜仍可保留77.11%的通量,相较未改性时膜通量提升5倍。制备的PPy导电膜兼具良好的油水分离效果与抗油污性能,在含油废水处理领域具有较好的应用前景。     

海水抽水蓄能电站防污方案研究

为了给未来建设海水抽水蓄能电站提供防污解决方案,分析了海洋污损生物的附着过程及特点,以及海水抽水蓄能电站需要防污的部位,比较国内外现有的海洋污损生物的治理技术。得到了海水抽水蓄能电站水工建筑物、管道、水泵水轮机组及其辅助系统的防污方案。通过分析国内海水抽水蓄能电站防污的现状、存在的不足,展望了未来重点研究的方向,为国内海水抽水蓄能电站的建设提供参考。     

纳米Ag粒子原位杂化PVDF超滤膜的抗污染性能

以AgNO3为前驱体,聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）为聚合物基体,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为分散剂和成孔剂,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）为还原剂和溶剂,利用相转化法制备了纳米Ag粒子原位杂化PVDF超滤膜.采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、原子力显微镜及接触角测定仪对杂化膜的结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明：原位形成的纳米Ag粒子均匀地分散在聚合物基体中,纳米Ag粒子的添加改善了PVDF膜的亲水性能.以腐殖酸和牛血清蛋白作为污染物的代表,考察了Ag/PVDF膜的抗有机污染性能.以大肠杆菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌及活性污泥作为微生物的代表,考察了杂化膜的抗生物污染性能.结果证实了与纯PVDF膜相比,Ag/PVDF膜通量衰减较慢,可有效抑制微生物的生长,表面受活性污泥污染程度小,具有显著的抗有机污染和抗生物污染性能.     

Economic and Social Impact Assessment of the Alternatives to DDT Usage for Antifouling Paint Production in China

China is the only nation that uses DDT in antifouling pain at present, approximately 5% of DDT is applied as the additive of the antifouling paint production. Therefore, actions shall be taken urgently for banning the use of DDT and substituting with non-POPs alternatives in antifouling paints. The paper researches the social and economic backgrounds of DDT booster antifouling paint production and usage, analyzes the social and economic impact assessment of the alternatives to DDT usage for antifouling paint. The implementation of the project of alternatives will completely eliminate the adverse impact of DDT booster antifouling paint on terrestrial, marine ecosystem and human health. The broad use of alkali silicate and pepper alkali as substitutes will be feasible if appropriate measures will be taken to encourage their development, and the social and economic risk will be reduced to accepted levels.     

新型的无公害海洋防污涂料

本文概述了海洋防污涂料的发展现状及影响污损生物附着的主要因素,着重论述了低表面自由能材料,吸水性材料的和生化材料等无公害新型防污涂料的防污机制及其试用效果。并指出,开发和应用无锡自抛光涂料和新型低毒防污涂料,这是解决海洋中有机锡污染的近期目标。而刚刚兴起的无公害防污染料尚处在初期研制阶段,其推广应用还需要一个较长时间的发展过程。并且强调应当加强对静,动船舶在苛刻的海洋环境中抗海洋污染生物附着的防污     

我国不同区域地质环境城市地下水防污性能分布特征分析

以近几十年来积累的地下水化学和水文地质资料为基础,对我国城市地下水防污性能进行了综合评价,分析了我国不同区域地质环境城市地下水防污性能分布特征及其形成原因,并提出了针对不同地下水防污性能等级的防污建议。     

鲨鱼表皮的微观形貌观察及其防污能力评价

用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)对鲨鱼表皮的形貌结构进行了观察,用X射线能谱(EDX)测定了鲨鱼鳞片各部位的元素组成.通过实验室内贻贝成体和硅藻的附着试验,评价了非活体状态下鲨鱼表皮的防附着作用.结果表明,非活体状态下鲨鱼表皮对贻贝成体的防污能力较弱,对微观生物硅藻的附着具有明显的抑制作用.     

纳米二氧化硅改性聚酰胺复合膜及其抗污染性能

采用经3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（APTMS）修饰的纳米二氧化硅（SiNPs）,对正渗透聚酰胺复合膜（TFC）进行抗污染改性.在静电吸附作用下,APTMS-SiNPs可通过表面涂覆的方式接枝在带负电的TFC表面,以提高膜的亲水性和抗污染效能.改性后,大量纳米材料成功接枝在膜表面,膜表面的接触角降低了54%,而膜电位和表面粗糙度无明显变化.采用海藻酸钠作为代表污染物,对原膜和改性膜的动态污染行为进行探究,通过监测污染阶段的通量变化和膜表面滤饼层含量,发现改性膜在膜污染后期表现出优良的抗污染性能,最终通量衰减降低了28%,膜表面滤饼层含量减少了35%.改性膜的抗污染性能主要归因于APTMS-SiNPs带来的膜表面亲水性的大幅提高.     

Comparison of heavy metal concentrations in fish samples from three fish farms (Eastern Mediterranean) utilizing antifouling paints

Although aquaculture is considered the fastest growing food production industry, nevertheless there is little information regarding pollutant levels in cultured fish. Samples of cultured sea bass – Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758), sea bream – Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758), and sharpsnout sea bream – Diplodus puntazzo (Walbaum, 1792) from three fish farms located in the Eastern Mediterranean which utilized antifouling paints on the nets were analyzed for quantitative determination of zinc (Zn), chrome (Cr), and copper (Cu) in the gills, the liver, and the muscle separately for each tissue and fish. The results show that the highest levels of zinc (up to 29.6 mg kg^?1 dry wt) were found in the gills of all samples of sea bream and sharpsnout sea bream while in the samples of sea bass, the highest levels of zinc and chrome were found in the liver (up to 39.3 and 13.8 mg kg^?1 dry wt, respectively). Insofar, as copper is concerned the highest exposure was found in the liver of sharpsnout sea bream (up to 5.49 mg kg^?1 dry wt). The results indicate that the use of antifouling paints in aquaculture practices are a significant source of chemical pollution in cultured fish and poses a risk to the exposed organisms.