Effect of biocides on the precipitation of calcium fluoride in the presence of anionic copolymeric inhibitors

The inhibitory efficiency of anionic copolymers and the effect of the biocides sodium hypochlorite, glutaraldehyde, and tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane on the precipitation behavior of calcium fluoride (CaF₂) were studied. The efficiency of polymeric inhibitors was traced from conductivity measurements by using half-life (t_1/2) method. X-ray diffraction parameters have been measured for calcium fluoride scale minerals. An anionic copolymer (K-798) acts as one of the best inhibitors for the precipitation process of the calcium fluoride in water as compared to K-775. It is assigned to the fact that the copolymer (K-798) contains both sulfonic acid and sulfonated styrene groups while the polymer (K-775) having only the sulfonic acid group. It was further observed that the biocides have no appreciable effect on the performance of the anionic polymeric inhibitors.     

Effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrous oxide emission in a sandy loam soil

To understand the effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and N fertilizer on N2O emission in the North China Plain, a laboratory incubation at different temperatures and soil moistures were carried out using soils treated with organic manure （OM）, half organic manure plus half fertilizer N （HOM）, fertilizer NPK （NPK）, fertilizer NP （NP）, fertilizer NK （NK）, fertilizer PK （NK） and control （CK） since 1989. Cumulative N2O emission in OM soil during the 17 d incubation period was slightly higher than in NPK soil under optimum nitrification conditions （25℃ and 60% water-filled pore space, WFPS）, but more than twice under the optimum denitrification conditions （35℃ and 90% WFPS）. N2O produced by denitrification was 2.1-2.3 times greater than that by nitrification in OM and HOM soils, but only 1.5 times greater in NPK and NP soils. These results implied that the long-term amendment of organic manure could significantly increase the N2O emission via denitrification in OM soil as compared to NPK soil. This is quite different from field measurement between OM soil and NPK soil. Substantial inhibition of the formation of anaerobic environment for denitrification in field might result in no marked difference in N2O emission between OM and NPK soils. This is due in part to more rapid oxygen diffusion in coarse textured soils than consumption by aerobic microbes until WFPS was 75% and to low easily decomposed organic C of organic manure. This finding suggested that addition of organic manure in the tested sandy loam might be a good management option since it seldom caused a burst of N2O emission but sequestered atmospheric C and maintained efficiently applied N in soil.     

西部某气田井场分离器液相管线法兰腐蚀原因分析

目的 解决西部某气田井场分离器液相出口管线法兰严重腐蚀问题。方法 通过宏观形貌观察、无损检测、化学成分分析、金相组织分析、力学性能测试、腐蚀区域微观形貌观察、腐蚀产物物相分析以及腐蚀电化学实验的方法,分析该法兰发生腐蚀的原因。结果 A105制法兰与316L制密封圈存在较强的电偶腐蚀倾向。结论 电偶腐蚀是导致法兰面严重腐蚀的主要原因,另外,液相管线停用前放空不彻底,法兰底部存在积液,导致气液界面位置叠加发生水线腐蚀。根据法兰腐蚀原因提出了针对性的防腐建议。     

以化学抑制法研究污水生物处理过程中N2O的释放源

采用化学抑制法,研究了不同曝气量下污水生物处理过程中N2O的释放源.结果表明,缺氧段中, N2O的主要释放源为硝酸盐异化成氨反应,而反硝化反应消耗N2O.好氧段中N2O释放源受曝气量的影响很大,当曝气量适中时(65L/h), N2O释放源主要为硝化细菌反硝化作用;而当曝气量偏高(105L/h)或偏低(25L/h)时,同步硝化-反硝化反应是主要的N2O释放源.同时硝化细菌反硝化反应也能够产生少量N2O.     

自催化法合成聚天冬氨酸

以马来酸酐和乙酸铵为原料,在微波条件下用自催化法合成了聚天冬氨酸（PASP）。通过正交实验确定了最佳合成条件：n（乙酸铵）：n（马来酸酐）=1．2,微波功率为1200W,反应时间为10min。在最佳合成条件下,PASP的收率为91．6％,PASP的黏均相对分子质量约为1．5×10^4。经红外光谱表征和核磁共振氢谱测试结果表明,PASP的各种主要官能团表现明显。当Ca^2＋质量浓度为250mg／L、PASP加入量为3mg／L时,PASP的阻垢率达到95％,表明PASP具有较好的阻垢性能。     

测定电镀废水中铬(Ⅵ)的新光度法

在硝酸介质中,二甲基黄先显色而后在加热条件下褪色,铬( )能显著阻抑此褪色反应,且阻抑程度与铬( )含量相关,据此建立了测定痕量铬( )的新方法。方法检出限是1.55×10-10g/ml,线性范围0.1～1.2μg/10ml,用于电镀废水中铬( )的测定,结果满意。     

不同状态下包气带除氮及阻止氮污染能力的实验研究

通过土柱模拟实验方法对包气带三种状态下，即天然自净、分别向包气带介质中注入营养以及人工培殖的高效脱氮菌，阻止氮污染及除氮能力进行了研究与评价。结果发现向包气带介质中注入人工培殖的高效脱氮菌这种状态具有很强的除氮和阻止氮污染的能力，进而给出了该种状态下细菌脱氮反应动力学模型。为实施利用包气带进行污水除氮和控制面源氮源污提供了科学依据。     

玻璃钢格栅在循环水场的应用

为截留不中漂浮物面高斩格珊，以往多采用铜材制作。由于所处特殊工作环境，普遍存在慢问题。本文简要分析了格珊腐蚀的原因，结合工作实例介绍了采用玻璃钢制作格栅所取得的良好效果。     

石化厂皂化废水的厌氧处理

石化厂以氯醇法生产环氧乙烷过程中排出的皂化废水有机物含量高、含盐量高,并呈强碱性.废水中的物质对厌氧微生物产生强烈的抑制.本工艺通过预处理,减轻了抑制程度.采用厌氧工艺作为主要处理工艺,在水力停留时间≥4天,有机容积负荷COD_(Cr)小于2.0kg/m~3·d的条件下,取得了较好的厌氧处理效果.补充好氧接触氧化法作后处理,出水水质满足排放要求.     

联苯胺对碱性磷酸酶抑制作用及其动力学研究

联苯胺作为一种危害严重对环境污染物,对小牛肠碱性磷酸酶的酶活力有明显的抑制作用。这种抑制随着联苯胺浓度的增加而增强,当联苯胺浓度>1.0μg/L时,其抑制程度趋于恒定。运用酶活力研究的动力学模型,在不同的酶底物浓度及不同的抑制剂浓度下,用分光光度法监测酶底物水解产物浓度随时间变化的过程,研究了抑制剂联苯胺对小牛肠碱性磷酸酶活性的抑制动力学,结果表明,联苯胺对小牛肠碱性磷酸酶的抑制是可逆抑制,属于可逆抑制中的竞争性抑制类型;求得其抑制剂常数Ki为1.28×10-7mol/L。