PAN dust explosion inhibition mechanisms of NaHCO3 and Al(OH)3

We investigate the PAN dust explosion inhibition behaviors of NaHCO₃ and Al(OH)₃ in a 20 L spherical explosion system and a transparent pipe explosion propagation test system. The results show that, in the standard 20 L spherical explosion system, the highest PAN dust explosion concentration is 500 g/m³, the maximum explosion pressure is 0.661 MPa, and the maximum explosion pressure increase rate is 31.64 MPa/s; adding 50% NaHCO₃ and 60% Al(OH)₃ can totally inhibit PAN dust explosion. In the DN0.15 m transparent pipe explosion propagation test system, for 500 g/m³ PAN dust, the initial explosion flame velocity is 102 m/s, the initial pressure is 0.46 MPa, and the initial temperature is 967 °C; adding 60% NaHCO₃ and 70% Al(OH)₃ can totally inhibit PAN dust explosion flames. Through FTIR and TG analyses, we obtain the explosion products and pyrolysis patterns of the explosion products of PAN dust, NaHCO₃, and Al(OH)₃. On this basis, we also summarize the PAN dust explosion inhibition mechanisms of NaHCO₃ and Al(OH)₃.     

Mercury uptake and effects on growth in Jatropha curcas

The use of metal-accumulating plants for the phytoremediation of contaminated soils is gaining more attention. Mercury(Hg)-contaminated soils from historical gold mines represent a potential risk to human health and the environment. Therefore, Jatropha curcas plant, that has shown its tolerance to these environments, is a species of particular interest to implement phytoremediation techniques in gold mining sites. In this work, the behavior of J. curcas was assessed in different hydroponic cultures fortified with Hg at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μg Hg/mL(T5, T10, T20, T40 and T80, respectively). After exposure,plant growth, net photosynthesis, leaf area, and Hg accumulation were determined and variables such as net Hg uptake, effective Hg accumulation, translocation and bioaccumulation factors were calculated. Accumulation of Hg in root and leaf tissues increased with respect to the Hg concentrations in the hydroponic culture, with statistically significant differences(p 0.05) among treatments. Moreover, Hg concentration in roots was 7 and 12-fold higher in average than in plant leaves and shoots, respectively. Many effects were found in the development of plants, especially related with loss of biomass and leaf area,with significant growth inhibition related to control values( 50% with treatment T5).Moreover, percentage of inhibition was even higher( 60%) with same treatment for net photosynthesis. Finally, it should be highlighted that for T40 and T80 treatments, plant growth and photosynthesis were almost completely depleted(88%–95%).     

5083铝合金在3%NaCl溶液中的微区电化学特性

目的对5083铝合金在海水环境下的腐蚀行为进行深入的探索。方法在3%Na Cl溶液条件下,通过扫描振动电极技术(SVET)对5083铝合金的微小区域进行了原位测量,得到表面区域电位梯度的变化情况,结合交流阻抗测试,以及扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法,研究5083铝合金腐蚀的发生、发展机理。结果由于Zn和S等元素的偏析,腐蚀过程中,夹杂物等第二相周围优先溶解,致使铝合金基体裸露在溶液中。随着反应的持续形成点蚀,腐蚀电流使腐蚀区域的电位高于基体电位。浸泡3 h,最大电位差为15.72 m V,浸泡5 h,最大电位差达到20.06 m V。结论 5083铝合金在海水环境下夹杂物的周围优先溶解,然后是电位高于基体电位的第二相发生溶解,同时钝化膜破裂处也发生腐蚀,最终这些区域形成点蚀。     

Growth inhibition and oxidative damage of Microcystis aeruginosa induced by crude extract of Sagittaria trifolia tubers

Aquatic macrophytes are considered to be promising in controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms. In this research, an aqueous extract of Sagittaria trifolia tubers was prepared to study its inhibitory effect on Microcystis aeruginosa in the laboratory. Several physiological indices of M. aeruginosa, in response to the environmental stress, were analyzed. Results showed that S. trifolia tuber aqueous extract significantly inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa in a concentration-dependent way. The highest inhibition rate reached 90% after 6 day treatment. The Chlorophyll-a concentration of M. aeruginosa cells decreased from 343.1 to314.2 μg/L in the treatment group. The activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase and the content of reduced glutathione in M. aeruginosa cells initially increased as a response to the oxidative stress posed by S. trifolia tuber aqueous extract, but then decreased as time prolonged. The lipid peroxidation damage of the cyanobacterial cell membranes was reflected by the malondialdehyde level, which was notably higher in the treatment group compared with the controls. It was concluded that the oxidative damage of M. aeruginosa induced by S.trifolia tuber aqueous extract might be one of the mechanisms for the inhibitory effects.     

两种粒径氧化镍纳米颗粒对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的生物毒性

采用藻类生物毒性测试方法(OECD201)研究了两种粒径氧化镍(NiO)纳米颗粒对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的生物毒性.发现纳米颗粒的毒性与其尺度有关,7 nm NiO的毒性大于20 nm NiO,二者72 h EC50分别为18.01和74.64mgNiO/L.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了对...     

细菌在环境污染物毒性检测中的应用

介绍了一些利用细菌作为指示生物监测化学物质毒性的方法,诸如：细菌生化毒理学方法,细菌生长,呼吸抑制实验,细胞发光微毒测定,微热测量以及致突变物检测技术等。     

镍对厌氧消化过程的抑制作用研究

采用混合式厌氧反应器,以酒糟废水为基质,在相同条件的不同反应器中每日加入不同浓度的镍离子（以硝酸镍形式加入）,研究不同浓度的镍离子对厌氧体系的抑制作用,以及体系中溶解态的镍离子含量与抑制程度的关系。结果表明,日加入镍量低于３６．４ｍｇ／Ｌ时,对体系无影响;在４０－６０ｍｇ／Ｌ时,产生轻微的抑制;超过８０ｍｇ／Ｌ时,对体系造成严重的抑制。当体系中溶解态镍离子浓度低于２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ时,体系不受影响。厌     

表面活性物质对HPMA阻垢缓蚀性能的影响

表面活性物质的加入可明显提高水解聚马来酸酐(HPMA)的阻垢、缓蚀性能,且不同表面活性物质影响程度不同,通过剩余硬度法测定阻垢性能,静态失重法测定缓蚀性能,从而比较异丙醇、葡萄糖酸钠对HPMA阻垢、缓蚀性能的影响。实验结果表明,异丙醇与HPMA复合使用时效果较好,阻垢率达到 79 0 %,缓蚀率达 70 7%,且阻垢率随Ca2 + 浓度增大而增大。     

苯取代化合物对底泥氨氧化活性的抑制作用研究

为研究污染物对氮循环中硝化过程的影响,利用摇瓶实验测定了24种苯取代化合物对底泥氨氧化活性的抑制作用. 结果表明,单取代苯化合物对底泥氨氧化活性抑制作用强弱顺序为:-OH>-NO₂>-NH₂>-Cl>-CH₃>-H;取代基的位置对抑制作用有一定的影响,二甲苯对底泥氨氧化活性抑制作用强弱顺序为:间>邻>对,苯二胺也表现为同样的趋势,但不明显;多取代甲基和氨基,随着取代基个数增加对底泥氨氧化抑制作用有增强趋势. 苯取代化合物对底泥氨氧化活性的抑制作用(IC50,μmol·L^-1)与取代基团电负性之和(∑E)有较好的相关关系:lgIC₅₀=14.72-0.91∑E,苯环上取代基团的∑E越大,该化合物对底泥氨氧化作用的抑制越明显.     

水溶性有机物对土壤中菲的生态毒性影响

采用生物培养和物理化学试验,研究了水溶性有机物(DOM)对土壤中phe生态毒性的影响.结果表明,本研究所用DOM均具有表面活性;小麦根phe毒害的敏感区间为0～200mg/kg,200mg/kg是土壤中phe的50%小麦根伸长抑制率浓度.DOM的存在会降低phe的生态毒性,但是降低程度与其疏水性馏分含量和表面活性有关,且phe生态毒性的降低程度随DOM浓度的增大而增大.本研究的结果说明DOM能减轻土壤中phe的生态毒性.