快速城市化时期中国城市建成区植被状况的时空分异特征

基于植被变化视角,以中国656 个建制城市的建成区为研究对象,选择1992、2000 和2010 年DMSP/OLS 夜间灯光数据和植被数据,选用城市建成区内归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）的均值反映建成区植被的状况;用建成区内NDVI均值和背景区内NDVI均值的比值（NDVI比值）衡量人为因素对城市建成区植被的影响情况。结果表明：①同一年份,城市规模越大,建成区植被越差;近20 a 来,除小城市植被变差外,其他等级城市植被总体在变好。②同一年份,规模小的城市人为因素产生的不利影响相对较小。近20 a 来,人为因素对特大城市和大城市植被产生的不利影响在减小,而中等城市基本不变,小城市则变大。③同一年份,从湿润半湿润森林带、半干旱草原带到干旱荒漠带的城市建成区内的植被逐渐变差;近20 a 来,干旱荒漠带的建成区植被状况略微变差,其余植被带内建成区植被变好。④同一年份,从湿润半湿润森林带、半干旱草原带到干旱荒漠带人为因素对建成区植被的不利影响逐渐减小;近20 a 来,湿润半湿润森林带内人为因素对建成区植被的不利影响在减小,而其他植被带内,人为因素的不利影响在增加。     

产品碳足迹评价中不确定度与敏感度相结合的数据质量分析

产品碳足迹评价中,数据种类、来源、获取途径和量化方法的选择不同将直接影响到评价结果的可靠与否.本文建立了结合敏感度和DQI-Monte Carlo不确定度分析的产品碳足迹评价数据质量分析模型.首先通过敏感度分析识别出产品碳足迹评价中的主要数据,再采用DQI-Monte Carlo不确定度分析方法对主要数据进行数据质量判定,甄选出影响评价结果可靠性的关键数据,并由此有针对性地提出数据质量改进意见,从而有效地优化数据收集方案,减少碳足迹评价结果的不确定度.建立的方法应用于我国某塑料软包装印刷企业的印刷前阶段碳足迹评价中.     

Sustainable development in the BRICS countries: an efficiency analysis by data envelopment

There is much concern about the social and environmental impacts caused by the economic growth of nations. Thus, to evaluate the socio-economic performance of nations, economists have increasingly addressed matters related to social welfare and the environment. It is within the scope of this context that this work discusses the performance of countries in the BRICS group regarding sustainable development. The objective of this study regards evaluating the efficiency of these countries in transforming productive resources and technological innovation into sustainable development. The proposed objective was achieved by using econometric tools as well as the data envelopment analysis method to then create economic, environmental, and social efficiency rankings for the BRICS countries, which enabled to carry out comparative analyses on the sustainable development of those countries. The results of such assessments can be of interest for more specific scientific explorations.     

Continuous performance assessment and improvement of integrated HSE and maintenance systems by multivariate analysis in gas transmission units

In this study, an integrated “Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE)” and maintenance systems are presented. Multivariate analysis is used for continuous performance assessment and improvement of these systems. The two subjects of “Maintenance System” and “HSE” have been individually investigated several times in different studies. However, few studies have been done to integrate these two systems and provide an integrated system for their implementation. This study evaluates current maintenance and HSE systems of a Gas Transmission Unit by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Moreover, decision making units (DMUs) are examined and ranked. Employees are considered as DMUs. This is done through investigating and measuring their efficiencies and identifying the inefficient and less-efficient units. Since an increase in the number of inputs does not lead to an increase in the number of outputs with the same scale, an output-oriented DEA with a Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) is used. The Fuzzy DEA (FDEA) is also used in this research to decrease uncertainty existing in qualitative indicators and human error. Finally, suggestions are given to improve those DMUs. The managers and employees of the gas transmission unit constitute the statistical population of the study. To achieve the objectives of this study, standard questionnaires with respect to HSE and Maintenance system are completed by operators. The proposed approach would help policy makers and top managers of Gas Transmission Company to have a more comprehensive and thorough understanding the working conditions with respect to the maintenance and HSE features.     

Optimization of HSE in maintenance activities by integration of continuous improvement cycle and fuzzy multivariate approach: A gas refinery

Gas refineries have been continuously focusing on Health, Safety and Environment programs to improve maintenance activities. Several researches have studied on this area with different analysis methods. This study presents an integrated approach for optimization of factors contributing to the implementation of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) in maintenance activities. HSE managers in each sector answered standard questionnaire whit respect to HES. The methodology is based on fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA) and Deming's continuous improvement cycle. Also, this method is used to rank the relevant performance efficiencies in certain and uncertain conditions of each HSE sectors whit considering HSE in maintenance activities. It corresponds and integrates its registered HSE-MS with OHSAS 18001:2007 and ISO 14001:2004 to evaluate multiple inputs and outputs of over 36 subsidiary HSE divisions with parallel mission and objectives simultaneously. Also, it determines efficient target indices and could assure continuous improvement in the organization. This is the first study that introduces an integrated approach to improve HSE management programs in a gas refinery by a robust and continuous improvement approach.     

An assessment of the air pollution data from two monitoring stations in Kuwait

This article assesses the air pollution data from two monitoring stations in Kuwait. The measurements cover major pollutants, i.e., CO, CO₂, methanated and non-methanated hydrocarbons, NO _x , SO₂, O₃, and particulate matter (PM10). The data also includes meteorological parameters, i.e., solar intensity, temperature, wind speed, and wind direction, and has been collected over a period 4 years, from 2001 to 2004. Data analysis includes the assessment of annual hourly averages and 1-h maxima. Typical pollutant concentration trends, similar to those previously reported for Kuwait and for other locations around the world, are observed except for particulate matter measurements, which have higher values because of proximity to the desert. Emissions of nitrogen oxides show a consistent increase over the years. This is caused by the increase in the number of motor vehicles and the expansion in power generation and industrial activities. The data collected is a subset of the air quality criteria, as defined by the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency).     

区域层面温室气体清单不确定性量化研究

基于《IPCC国家温室气体清单优良做法指南和不确定性管理》中不确定性分析的理论和方法,以编制包括省级、地市级在内的区域层面温室气体清单为背景,就不确定性分析的难点、来源和组成进行分析,并通过实例研究对适用于区域层面温室气体清单的不确定性量化方法进行说明,进而提升不确定性分析的可操作性和透明性,为完善温室气体清单提供有价值的参考。     

一种利用AIS数据计算受限水域内航标安全距离的方法

AIS数据详细记录了特定水域的船舶位置、船首向和尺寸等数据,可用于计算受限水域内航标安全距离。按一定标准网格化目标航标附近水域,统计周围航行的他船船体出现在每一个网格中的频数,形成他船航迹的网格频数图。按长度尺寸分类,将同类他船航迹网格频数图叠加,形成特定类型船舶的航迹网格频数图。按频数大小填充颜色,可清晰地显示航标附近他船安全通行状态下与航标保持的距离。实验选取上海港航标附近水域海量AIS数据,获取了60~79m,80~99m,100~129m,130~159m船舶航迹形成的网格频数图,结果显示,四类船舶距航标的安全距离随着他船长度的增大而增加,分别为50m,70m,110m,150m。     

大气环境科学综合数据采集共享平台建设及应用研究

为实现大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目数据的统一管理和数据共享,基于美国电子政务共享框架（Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework,FEA）方法论和数据中台思想,采用JAVA平台和SOA框架,以大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目科研数据为主,整合全社会大气科学数据资源,面向京津冀、汾渭平原大气污染成因与治理改善分析的核心业务需求,建设集多源异构数据采集、治理、共享、分析、发布于一体的大气环境科学数据采集与共享平台;建立完善的线上数据治理流程,采用多种算法实现大气业务数据集的实时质控;采用分级、分权限的数据共享机制和共享接口动态编辑技术,建立一站式数据枢纽.结果表明:①建立大气科学数据规范分类体系,提供从原始数据、二次数据产品、大气攻关信息发布等多种类型的数据共享服务.②建立海量多源异构综合数据集,包括空气质量、组分、污染源、气象、健康等11类,数据总量4.3 TB,包括7.5亿条数据和66万个文件.③开发交互式GIS服务和线上评估分析工具,实现环境空气质量评估、气象影响分析、组分变化、污染源统计四类主题数据服务.④向大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目各课题组、七省（市）提供多种形式共享,开放104个数据接口,实现21亿条数据、2万份文件、15个专题共享,有力地支撑了大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目的各项研究.      

基于NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光的长株潭地区县域土地利用碳排放空间分异研究

从县域尺度开展土地利用碳排放空间分异研究,对指导区域实现碳达峰及碳中和目标具有重要意义.基于2013—2019年NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据测算长株潭地区县域土地利用碳排放,并运用探索性空间数据分析和地理探测器,对长株潭地区县域土地利用碳排放空间分异特征及影响因素进行分析.结果显示：①2013—2019年,长株潭地区县域土地利用碳排放差异较为显著,基本上在波动中呈递减趋势,空间上呈现自中部地区向四周地区渐弱的态势;②2013—2019年,研究区土地利用碳排放Moran''s I值呈"上升下降再上升"的趋势,由2013年的0.275841最终减少为2019年的0.270621,空间集聚特征较为显著,总体呈正相关;局部空间自相关均未出现高低、低低集聚型区域,且高高集聚型区域固定为湘潭市市辖区;③综合4年指标探测结果来看,长株潭地区县域土地利用碳排放影响因素的解释力q值为0.200~0.868.其中,单位能源消耗碳排放、第一产业产值比重、人均土地面积、土地利用程度指数、城镇化率在研究期间出现频率较高且出现时的q值均大于0.50,且任意两个影响因素交互作用后影响力表现为双因子增强和非线性增强.