秦皇岛市污染源自动监控工作现状及对策

在对秦皇岛市污染源自动监控工作现状进行分析的基础上,结合秦皇岛市自动监控工作存在的问题,提出了建立和完善政策体系、严格自动监控设备市场准入制度、推进第三方机构运营管理和加大资金投入等可操作性的对策。     

Development of the gap model ZELIG-CFS to predict the dynamics of North American mixed forest types with complex structures

When the development of gap models began about three decades ago, they became a new category of forest productivity models. Compared with traditional growth and yield models, which aim at deriving empirical relationships that best fit data, gap models use semi-theoretical relationships to simulate biotic and abiotic processes in forest stands, including the effects of photosynthetic active radiation interception, site fertility, temperature and soil moisture on tree growth and seedling establishment. While growth and yield models are appropriate to predict short-term stemwood production, gap models may be used to predict the natural course of species replacement for several generations. Because of the poor availability of historical data and knowledge on species-specific allometric relationships, species replacement and death rate, it has seldom been possible to develop and evaluate the most representative algorithms to predict growth and mortality with a high degree of accuracy. For this reason, the developers of gap models focused more on developing simulation tools to improve the understanding of forest succession than predicting growth and yield accurately.In a previous study, the predictions of simulations in two southeastern Canadian mixed ecosystem types using the ZELIG gap model were compared with long-term historical data. This exercise highlighted model components that needed modifications to improve the predictive capacity of ZELIG. The updated version of the model, ZELIG-CFS, includes modifications in the modelling of crown interaction effects, survival rate and regeneration. Different algorithms representing crown interactive effects between crowns were evaluated and species-specific model components that compute individual-tree mortality probability rate were derived. The results of the simulations were compared using long-term remeasurement data obtained from sample plots located in La Mauricie National Park of Canada in Quebec. In the present study, three forest types were studied: (1) red spruce-balsam fir-yellow birch, (2) yellow birch-sugar maple-balsam fir, and (3) red spruce-balsam fir-white birch mixed ecosystems. Among the seven algorithms that represented individual crown interactions, two better predicted the changes in basal area and individual-tree growth: (1) the mean available light growing factor (ALGF), which is computed from the proportion of light intercepted at different levels of individual crowns adjusted by the species-specific shade tolerance index, and (2) the ratio of mean ALGF to crown width. The long-term predicted patterns of change in basal area were consistent with the life history of the different species.     

风云3号气象卫星资料在暴雨预报中的应用

介绍了风云3号(FY-3A)气象卫星资料应用示范项目<卫星资料在暴雨监测预报中的应用>的研究成果.讨论了以FY-3A资料为主,结合风云气象卫星系列其他资料和数值预报产品等,在云团识别的基础上计算云团特征量作为预报因子建立预报方程并计算云团最大降水量的暴雨临近预报方法,以及使用FY-3A资料作为"配料法"配料之一的暴雨6...     

基于DEA分析的生命线网络节点抗灾相对可靠度评估

对于生命线工程网络系统而言,合理分析和评估其带有网络特征的节点可靠度,比只研究单体可靠度更具实际意义.基于数据包络分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA)有效性分析的思想,提出了生命线网络节点抗灾相对可靠度的概念.从生命线工程在灾害环境下着重体现出的系统性和网络性出发,考察网络中的节点所能实...     

An OH&S Management System as a Source of Information

The concept of an occupational health and safety management system (OH&S MS) has become widespread over the past 20 years. However, there are few studies on the subject, they are generally methodologically weak and in many cases cannot be generalized. A formalized OH&S MS is a set of rules and connected elements of the general organization management system which guarantees accomplishment of the organization?s objectives in the area of upgrading safety conditions of both employees and the environment. The need for research on voluntary management systems stems from the necessity to propagate appropriate solutions and their continuous development processes. This paper discusses an OH&S MS as a source of data and essential information on the process of developing a system. It examines the relationship between the degree to which the requirements of Standard No. PN-N-18001:2004 have been adapted and the demand for health and safety data and information.     

数据资源规划在宏观环境督察业务领域应用研究

信息流的畅通和数据资源的有效利用是信息化可持续发展的基础。本文介绍了基于顶层设计的数据资源规划方法,提出数据资源规划的工作步骤。结合宏观环境督察业务现状和业务发展需要,归纳、分析、聚类、抽象出宏观环境督察业务职能域和全域数据元素集,形成了宏观环境督察数据资源的整体规划,为建立宏观督察业务的业务模型和数据模型提供了基础。     

建设项目竣工环保验收监测中常见问题及应对措施

建设项目竣工环保验收监测中常常出现建设同环评和初步设计不相符、变更粉尘产污环节、环评文本遗漏重要敏感点评价、数据异常、工况条件不满足要求等问题,基于此提出了重新报批变更的工程内容,向环保主管部门说明变更情况,对遗漏部分进行补充评价并监测,对异常数据查明原因后科学剔除,以及按照实际工况进行监测等应对措施。     

EXCEL数据处理软件在环境试验设备温度校准中的应用

人工模拟环境试验中气候环境试验的条件是否真实,主要取决于环境试验设备技术性能指标,主要包括温度偏差、温度均匀度、温度波动度.由于测试点较多,在数据处理及结果不确定度评定上工作量较大,因此使用EXCEL数据处理软件进行计算,一方面保证了数据准确可靠,另一方面提高了工作效率.     

Predicting Future Threats to the Native Vegetation of Robinson Crusoe Island, Juan Fernandez Archipelago, Chile

Abstract:   The Juan Fernandez Archipelago, a Chilean national park and biosphere reserve, is 700 km west of continental Chile. Invasive plant species pose major threats to the native, highly endemic vegetation, especially on Robinson Crusoe Island (Mas a Tierra), where there is a permanent settlement. We used historical and recent vegetation map data as well as recent vegetational point data to reconstruct vegetational changes on the island since the early twentieth century. In addition, we used logistic regression models with environmental variables or their surrogates (elevation, solar radiation, topographic similarity index, slope position) to estimate the potential distributions of the worst invaders. Native vegetation has been affected most severely by Acaena argentea , Aristotelia chilensis , Rubus ulmifolius , and Ugni molinae , leading to a significant decrease of endemic plants in the montane forests and native shrublands. The native forest has decreased by approximately one-third. The area affected by Aristotelia chilensis increased from 6.5% to 14% of the total island area. Ugni molinae , once rare, is now abundant (4.6%), as is Acaena (11.9%). Rubus ulmifolius , not present 80 years ago, now covers about 7% of the island's surface. The distributions of all studied species except Rubus ulmifolius are significantly ( p < 0.05) controlled by the environmental factors we examined. Inferring from potential distributions of Aristotelia chilensis and Ugni molinae , 50% of the native montane forest could be invaded or replaced (with a probability of >60%) by these plants. Based on the invasion speed of the past 80 years, this would take another 80 years if conservation measures do not succeed.     

密切值法在泉州市山美水库水质综合评价中的应用

将2004—2008年山美水库水质监测值与地表水标准值相结合,建立了环境样本矩阵,采用超标加权法确定各指标的权重值,并应用密切值法进行水质综合评价,结果表明:近年来由于采取了有效的控制措施,山美水库水质得到逐步的改善;但总氮超标仍较严重,是影响水质的关键因素。