分子距边矢量与烃类化合物的溶解度及辛醇/水分配系数定量关系的研究

定义并计算了烃类化合物（包括链烃、环烃、芳香烃）的分子距离－边数矢量（μ矢量），藉助多元线性回归技术分别建立了137个烃类化合物的μ矢量与这些物质的正辛醇／水分配系数lgKow及水溶解度的定量结构／性质相关关系模型。模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力。说明经改进的μ矢量能更好地反映烃类化合物的结构特性。     

MODELING FLOW IN THE EVERGLADES AGRICULTURAL AREA IRRIGATION/DRAINAGE CANAL NETWORK1

ABSTRACT: The south Florida ecosystem and Lake Okeechobee are important water resource areas that have degraded due to changes in hydroperiod, water supply, and water quality. Approximately 56 percent of the total phosphorus in water discharged from the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) is in particulate form. Currently, farm-level best management practices are being implemented in the effort to reduce total phosphorus and sediment in off-farm discharges. The objective of this work was to develop and calibrate a model describing water movement in primary EAA canals as a first step to development of a water quality (i.e., nutrient, sediment) model. The Netherlands-developed mechanistic flow and water quality model (DUFLOW) was adapted for the EAA. Flow, stage, geometry, canal network, and meteorological data, October 13, 1993, to February 13, 1994, were used to adapt and calibrate the DUFLOW model for EAA water level and flow in primary canals. Direct runoff discharge into the primary canals from farm-pump stations was used as runoff input for the model. The model results are comparable to an independently-calculated water balance for the EAA. The calibrated flow model will be the basis for the calibration of sediment and chemical transport in the future.     

ANN OUTPUT UPDATING OF LUMPED CONCEPTUAL RAINFALL/RUNOFF FORECASTING MODELS1

ABSTRACT: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are tested for the output updating of one‐day‐ahead and three‐day‐ahead streamflow forecasts derived from three lumped conceptual rainfall/runoff (R‐R) models: the GR4J, the IHAC, and the TOPMO. ANN output updating proved superior to a parameter updating scheme and to the ‘simple’ output updating scheme, which always replicates the last observed forecast error. In fact, ANN output updating was able to compensate for large differences in the initial performance of the three tested lumped conceptual R‐R models, which the other tested updating approaches were not able to achieve. This is done mainly by incorporating input vectors usually exploited for ANN R‐R modeling such as previous rainfall and streamflow observations, in addition to the previous observed error. For one‐day‐ahead forecasts, the performance of all three lumped conceptual R‐R models, used in conjunction with ANN output updating, was equivalent to that of the ANN R‐R model. For three‐day‐ahead forecasts, the performance of the ANN‐output‐updated conceptual models was even superior to that of the ANN R‐R model, revealing that the conceptual models are probably performing some tasks that the ANN R‐R model cannot map. However, further testing is needed to substantiate the last statement.     

ESTIMATING AQUIFER PARAMETERS FROM A HORIZONTAL WELL PUMPING TEST IN AN UNCONFINED AQUIFER1

ABSTRACT: A pumping test on a phreatic glacial till aquifer was performed near Ames, Iowa, in November 1990. The head in a horizontal well was pumped down rapidly and then held constant for the duration of the 30-hour test. Throughout the test, the flow rate at the pumped well and the head at an adjacent vertical observation well were recorded. The pumping test data were used to determine the hydraulic conductivity and specific yield of the aquifer. The results indicate a hydraulic conductivity of 2.23 × 10^?5 cm/s and a representative specific yield of 0.03. Hydraulic conductivity was calculated by a simple integration of Darcy's Law after extrapolating the data to steady state. Specific yield was determined by use of several methods from the literature and a new method proposed by the author. The results show that specific yield increases with time, and that each method is within an order of magnitude of the others.     

RUNOFF SIMULATION USING RADAR RAINFALL DATA1

ABSTRACT: Rainfall data products generated with the national network of WSR-88D radars are an important new data source provided by the National Weather Service. Radar-based data include rainfall depth on an hourly basis for grid cells that are nominally 4 km square. The availability of such data enables application of improved techniques for rainfall-runoff simulation. A simple quasi-distributed approach that applies a linear runoff transform to grid-ded rainfall excess has been developed. The approach is an adaptation of the Clark conceptual runoff model, which employs translation and linear storage. Data development for, and results of, an initial application to a 4160 km² watershed in the Midwestern U.S. are illustrated.     

Simulation of Rabies Epizootic Process in Fox Populations at a Limited Carrying Capacity of Biotopes

To describe the epizootic process of rabies in fox populations, a model based on a cellular automata network (Toffoli and Margolus, 1991) was constructed. The cell state and the rules of transition from one state to another were determined in accordance with a modification of the previous model based on a differential equation system, which was proposed to describe the epizootics of fox rabies in Western Europe. The new model provides the possibility of simulating spatial heterogeneity and indices of animal mobility related, in particular, to the seasonal features of fox ecology. Calculations were made using population parameters characteristic of biotopes with a low carrying capacity (the steppe zone of Western Siberia). According to the model, the maintenance of rabies epizootics in these biotopes is possible on condition that the mobility of foxes in them is much higher than in the biotopes with a high carrying capacity. This model can be used for prognosis and epidemiological control in natural rabies foci.     

喷氨同时脱除NO和N_2O过程的化学动力学模拟

本文采用化学动力学模拟的方法,对广泛应用于燃煤锅炉的喷氨脱硝技术进行了研究,首次发现在燃煤锅炉的烟气中喷入氨气不仅可以降低NO_x的排放量.而且可以同时降低N_2O的排放量.文中还就喷氨初期的烟气温度、烟气中的含氧量和水份、NO和N_2O的初始浓度、烟气中的CO含量以及喷氨量对喷氨同时脱除NO和N_2O效果的影响进行了计算分析,确定了喷氨同时脱除NO和N_2O的最佳条件.对喷氨过程的化学反应机理进行的分析表明,该过程之所以能同时脱除NO和N_2O,是因为在NH_3的分解和NO的还原过程中产生了一定浓度的H和OH离子,从而加速了N_2O的热分解过程.     

精馏过程动态建模与安全控制研究进展

介绍了精馏过程的动态建模与安全控制等方面的研究现状,提出了基于塔板力学模型动态建模与安全分析技术,通过对精馏塔动态特性分析,可准确反映精馏过程的动态变化。根据动态响应规律,建立基于智能调控的先进性控制系统,指导精馏塔、阀门、泵等设备进行变频调节,从而保证精馏塔的稳定运行。     

市场一体化的工业污染排放机制:长江经济带例证

采用长江经济带2003~2015年105个城市面板数据,利用动态面板系统GMM方法探讨了市场一体化影响长江经济带工业二氧化硫、工业烟尘以及工业废水的实证结果及中间机制.研究表明：长江经济带各类工业污染物排放都具有动态累积效应以及存在路径依赖问题,市场规模加剧了工业污染排放,第三产业结构比例以及技术水平的提升则降低了各类工业污染排放水平,市场一体化存在影响各类工业污染物排放的规模、结构与技术传导路径.具体地,全样本中,市场一体化对各类工业污染排放物都具有技术中介效应,对于除工业烟尘之外的其他工业污染物排放具有市场规模中介效应,但第三产业结构中介效应不显著;分析区域异质性可知,与中下游地区相比,长江经济带上游地区市场一体化水平偏低,导致其对技术进步的促进不显著,缺乏影响各类工业污染物排放的技术中介效应,另外市场一体化对各地区工业烟尘的排放都具有一定的显著中介效应,至少能够从规模、结构以及技术进步层面找到一条显著的传导路径.本文推测,市场一体化对工业污染排放的影响可能受到了经济发展阶段、地区企业所有权属性、产业结构以及交通基础设施建设等潜在因素影响,而且工业烟尘排放量较大的行业是未来降低长江经济带工业污染排放的政策重点.     

基于ASTER GDEM的延河流域水系提取及面积高程积分研究

以延河流域为例,基于ASTER GDEM,采用图解建模方法提取河网进行面积高程积分分析.结果表明,汇流阈值越大,河道数目、河道总长和河网密度均呈现持续下降趋势;当汇流阈值为6200时,河网密度为0.28,趋于平稳;不同汇流阈值产生的河网形态各有差异,阈值越大,生成河网越稀疏,反之越密集.面积高程积分HI分析结果表明,延河大多区域处于发育壮年期,处于发育幼年期、壮年期和老年期面积分别约占总面积的0.4％、98.2％和1.4％.