甘肃省自然灾害及其防治对策

本文就甘肃省自然灾害的类型、分布、成因及其对社会经济的影响进行了分析研究,并提出了防治对策。     

Environmental,economic and social costs and benefits of a packaging waste management system: A Portuguese case study

The impact of the management of packaging waste on the environment, economic growth and job creation is analyzed in this paper. This integrated assessment intends to cover a gap in the literature for this type of studies, using the specific case study of the Portuguese packaging waste management system (SIGRE).The net environmental benefits associated with the management of packaging waste, are calculated using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The results show that, for the categories studied, the impacts associated to SIGRE's various activities are surpassed by the benefits associated to material and energy recovery, with special focus on recycling. For example, in 2011 SIGRE avoided the emission of 116 kt CO₂ equiv. – the equivalent carbon emission of the electricity consumption of 124.000 households in Portugal.The economic impact of SIGRE is evaluated through Input–Output Analysis. It was found that SIGRE's activities also have a significant economic impact. For example, their added value are ranked amongst the upper third of the economic activities with highest multiplier effect at national level: this means that for each Euro of value added generated within SIGRE, 1.25 additional € are added to the rest of the economy (multiplier effect of 2.25).Regarding the social impacts of SIGRE, the number of direct jobs associated with the system is estimated to be more than two thousand and three hundred workers. Out of these, 83% are connected to the management of municipal waste packaging (selective collection and sorting), 15% are connected to the management of non-municipal packaging waste and only 2% are connected to the Sociedade Ponto Verde (SPV, green dot society in English) – the management entity responsible for SIGRE.In general terms, the results obtained provide quantitative support to the EEA (2011) suggestion that moving up the waste hierarchy – from landfilling to recycling – creates jobs and boosts the economy.     

An exploration of firms’ awareness and behavior of developing circular economy: An empirical research in China

Despite the wealth of information concerning environmental awareness and the behavior of firms, there is little empirical research on the awareness and behavior of firms in developing the circular economy. The study employed a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews with 157 firms from manufacturing clusters in China. Results indicated that the firms had a relatively good understanding about the circular economy and its values and had a strong willingness to operate a circular economy, but this was not indicative of enthusiastic behavior. A striking “gap” existed between a firm's awareness and its actual behavior in developing a circular economy. Reasons for the gap are explored mainly based on the results of interviews. Finally, recommendations for overcoming the gap between the awareness and behavior are suggested.     

中国省域低碳经济发展水平及其空间过程评价

大气温室气体浓度日益攀升,极端气候现象频发,引发了全球对低碳经济的研究和实践.中国在应对气候变化和推进温室气体减排方面发挥着重要作用,走低碳发展之路是一条科学发展之路.为全面认识低碳经济,该文针对低碳经济的内涵,设计了低碳经济发展水平评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法对2007年我国省域低碳经济发展水平进行了综合评价.结果显示:①不同省份低碳经济发展水平存在较大差异,总体呈“东高西低”、“南高北低”、“局部跳跃”的格局;②不同省份低碳发展水平具有明显的阶段性,整体呈逐步增加的趋势;③低碳经济发展水平差异化的原因是能源分布、能源利用、发展水平、地理环境、消费观念、消费模式等多种因素综合作用的结果.基于此,今后我国在保持经济持续快速发展的同时,要逐步加强低碳排放的管理、控制和引导,通过转变经济发展模式、加大科技投入、引导消费行为、优化能源结构、增加碳汇资源,来增强低碳经济发展能力.     

工业经济发展的资源环境效率评价方法与实证——以广东和广西为例

工业生产是人类主要的经济活动,资源投入与效益产出、污染排放的相互关系决定了工业生产的资源环境效率。论文设计了工业经济发展的资源环境效率评价方法,即TOPSIS模型和DEA的SBM模型,通过TOPSIS模型对资源投入、经济效益和污染排放分别进行指标集成和综合考察,SBM模型将环境污染作为非期望产出纳入评价模型而考察各空间决策单元的工业生产效率。SBM模型的实证分析表明:两广地区形成工业发展有效率和无效率两大集群,广东的珠江三角洲、粤北、粤东与粤西南沿海地市和广西的桂西、桂西南地市多为有效率,而桂东、桂北及粤西北地市多为无效率并连续分布成面;工业无效率主要源于资源过度消耗和非期望产出,两广在减排工业废水、废气和降低资源和能源消耗方面有很大的改善潜力。     

中国低碳经济发展的渐进式路径

在对国际低碳经济发展的路径类型及其演进过程深入考察的基础上,基于现实利益和基本国情对中国低碳发展的渐进式路径进行了论证,并顺应低碳经济发展的趋势,创造性地提出了我国低碳发展的五步走战略,明确了渐进式低碳发展的路线图。     

全球碳捕集与封存发展现状及未来趋势

温室气体过量排放严重威胁着人类的生存和发展,但是现有二氧化碳捕集与封存技术不成熟导致各国对温室气体减排技术的选择、开发和应用都非常慎重。从燃烧前、富氧燃烧、燃烧后捕集技术和封存技术介绍全球二氧化碳捕集与封存技术发展现状及示范项目实施情况。针对传统二氧化碳捕集与封存技术的不足,介绍了目前最具发展潜能的新兴的二氧化碳捕集与封存技术。     

基于WNN模型的土地利用方式决策研究

基于小波神经网络(WNN)模型的土地利用方式决策研究为实现土地的可持续利用以及社会效益、经济效益和生态效益的最大化提供了决策依据。论文采用WNN模型,通过利用甘肃省榆中盆地第二次全国土地调查数据,构建了土地利用方式决策分析模型,分析出农业生产、建设发展和生态保护三种需求条件下的土地利用方式类型。结果表明:①榆中盆地农业生产需求用地的土地利用方式主要以半粗放利用为主;②建设发展需求用地的土地利用方式以过渡型利用为主,且偏于粗放利用;③生态保护需求用地的土地利用方式以半粗放和粗放利用为主。论文运用WNN模型对土地利用方式决策进行研究具有较好的科学性和可操作性。     

Analysis of the relations between circular economy and sustainable development goals

ABSTRACT

Since the United Nations approved the eight Millennium Development Goals in 2000 and, 15 years later, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the highest political institutions in the world have not stopped worrying about achieving the sustainability of the planet. Also in 2015, the European Commission prepared the European Union Action Plan for the Circular Economy, seeking a transition towards a less linear economy, in which products, materials, and resources are kept in the system for as long as possible and in which the generation of waste is minimized.

Since then, the European Union has continued issuing reports and communications to accelerate this process in search of a circular economy, making continuous references to the fact that, through circular economy initiatives, the SDGs would be fulfilled. In this context, the objectives of this paper are 1) to determine, through exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis, whether there is a statistically significant relationship between circular economy initiatives undertaken in the EU and compliance with the SDGs; 2) to check, through a cluster analysis, if there are homogeneous groups of countries worldwide in terms of compliance with the SDGs; and 3) using this same technique, to check whether the countries that make up the EU achieve similar results in terms of compliance with the SDGs.     

海南省环境质量与经济发展DEA有效性评价

以海南省环境质量作为研究对象,结合海南经济发展的现状构建评价指标体系,运用DEA模型对海南省环境质量与经济发展有效性进行评价。结果表明,DEA的有效性与地区经济的发展水平紧密相关,DEA有效性与经济发展好坏基本一致;部分区域的环境污染物排放集中与转移,实现了经济与环境发展协调的DEA有效。在此基础上,对DEA无效的背后因素做了进一步分析,提出提升资源利用效率和优化经济结构才是实现环境质量与经济协调发展的根本途径。