核主成分分析法在生态经济可持续发展评价中应用

文章给出了一种非线性主成分评价模型:核主成分分析(KPCA),它将原变量空间通过一个非线性变换映射到高维特征空间F中,在F中进行线性主成分分析,通过核技巧,它只需在原空间进行点积运算,而不必知道映射的具体形式,只要选取适当的核函数和参数,可以使第一主成分的贡献率达到90%,结合安徽省生态经济可持续发展度为例,说明了KPCA应用,计算结果与现实相符,KPCA方法具有实际的应用价值。     

Cost–benefit analysis of beach-cast harvest: Closing land-marine nutrient loops in the Baltic Sea region

Harvesting beach-cast can help mitigate marine eutrophication by closing land-marine nutrient loops and provide a blue biomass raw material for the bioeconomy. Cost–benefit analysis was applied to harvest activities during 2009–2018 on the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea, highlighting benefits such as nutrient removal from the marine system and improved recreational opportunities as well as costs of using inputs necessary for harvest. The results indicate that the activities entailed a net gain to society, lending substance to continued funding for harvests on Gotland and assessments of upscaling of harvest activities to other areas in Sweden and elsewhere. The lessons learnt from the considerable harvest experience on Gotland should be utilized for developing concrete guidelines for carrying out sustainable harvest practice, paying due attention to local conditions but also to what can be generalized to a wider national and international context.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01641-8.     

企业自创商誉的确认与计量

按照传统的会计处理模式和惯例,无形资产中可以辨认的专利权、商标权已予确认和计量,而对于商誉,国内会计准则规定,只有在企业并购时,才作为一项无形资产确认入账,即只对外购商誉进行确认和计量,而不确认和计量自创商誉．在新的经济形势下,对于自创商誉应该有新的认识,就对自创商誉的确认和计量问题做出一些论述．参5．     

旅游业是带动西南经济快速发展的先导产业

西南地区深居我国内陆,地处偏远、交通不便、自然条件差、经济发育程度低、资金匮乏,在发展初期选好先导产业,是实现西南地区持续发展的关键。西南地区旅游资源丰富,开发前景好,并已初具规模,具备大规模系统开发的基础。旅游业作为一种投资小、见效快的产业,是目前该地区对外部资金最具吸引力的产业之一。本文在分析西南地区的旅游资源和发展条件的基础上,提出了发展西南旅游业的原则     

珠海生态示范区可持续发展的制约因素及对策

本文从国土资源、生态、经济、社会四个方面论述了珠海生态示范区可持续发展的制约因素,同时提出了珠海生态示范区实施可持续发展的对策     

气候变化对区域经济的影响及其对策研究

采用经济学上著名的“投入－产出”分析方法,结合气候变化对工业影响的统计模型和对农业产量影响的计算机模拟系统,建立了气候变化对区域经济影响的投入－产出模型,预测了未来不同气候变化情景对经济部门国内生产总值和总产出量的影响;分析了当气候变化对工业、农业部门的生产和产品发生影响时,导致的国民经济其他部门生产和产品的改变、部门间需求量的变化和各部门间投入产出流量的变化,为决策者提供了一些适应气候变化的相应对策,研究结果为实现气候变化情景下区域经济的平衡与协调发展,以及制定区域经济的发展规划提供了理论依据。     

China's Voluntary Mitigation Target and Road of Low-carbon Development

China is going through a rapid development stage of industrialization and urbanization.Although tremendous achievements have been made in the aspects of energy conservation,improvement of energy effectiveness and development of new and renewable energies,because of the rapid development of economy,it is difficult to change the huge total amount and fast increase of CO2 emission in the near future.China has to confront the tough challenge to address global climate change.China plans to reduce carbon intensity,that is,CO2 emissions per unit GDP,by 40 to 45% by 2020 compared with the 2005 level.It is a strategic option to coordinate domestic sustainable development with coping with global climate change on the basis of China’s national circumstances,representing the core content and key measures for transforming development pattern and realizing low-carbon development.To achieve the target,more capital and technology inputs are required for energy conservation and low-carbon development during the twelfth and Thirteenth Five Year Plan period than in the Eleventh Five Year Plan period.In addition,energy conservation achieved by structural adjustment,industrial upgrading and product value-added improvement is also expected to play a greater role.Therefore,China should strengthen technological innovation,make greater efforts to transform the development pattern,take advantage of the synergistic effect of policies and measures while coping with global climate change and building a domestic tow-oriented society.China should also establish an industrial system characterized by low-carbon emission.Then China will ultimately achieve a win-win situation in both domestic sustainable development and coping with global climate change.     

Environmental Capital,Negative Externality and Carbon Finance Innovation

In the context of global climate change,the internalization of negative externality,which is brought about by the traditional mode of economic growth,has become an inevitable choice.In order to achieve the internalization,it is necessary to make innovations on the market mechanism and system,find the value of environmental capital,establish a new mode of economic growth based on environmental capital,and then transform the environmental capital,an exogenous factor of economic growth,into an endogenous factor.Of this,the key of market mechanism and system innovation is the financial innovation that is based on environmental capital and negative externality;the government defines the initial property right of environmental resources and establishes environment energy trading market,so as to guide enterprises to trade environmental resources(represented by carbon emission permit trading) based on the Clean Development Mechanism,and to vigorously develop environmental finance and carbon finance.     

近10年江苏省土地利用重心与经济重心迁移轨迹对比分析

土地资源作为区域发展的载体,其利用状况与社会经济发展水平联系紧密。采用近10 a来江苏省土地利用及经济社会数据,通过区域重心的计算方法得到了土地利用与经济重心,在此基础上揭示江苏省土地利用状况及经济社会发展的空间差异,分析土地要素和经济要素动态迁移的影响因素。研究结果显示：（1）1997～2006年,江苏省耕地重心向西北方向迁移,交通用地与居民点工矿地重心在1997～2001年向西移动,在2001～2006年向东南方向迁移;近10 a的GDP重心一直向东南方向移动,其中第一产业重心表现为向西北方向移动,第二产业重心沿东南方向移动,第三产业重心表现为轻微的东南方向偏移,而固定资产投资重心迁移则表现为无规律性、跳跃式移动;（2）土地重心迁移轨迹符合江苏省土地利用的实际状况,经济重心迁移轨迹显示江苏省南北不均衡性发展仍在进一步拉大;（3）江苏省GDP重心、第二产业、第三产业重心未来将继续向苏南地区移动,但总的迁移速度将适度减缓,重心的经向移动加强,同时土地利用重心经向迁移也将得到一定程度的加强。     

区域经济－旅游－生态环境耦合协调度研究——以安徽省为例

在阐述区域经济、旅游业与生态环境相互协调发展的作用机理的基础上,建立了区域经济 旅游 生态环境耦合协调度指标体系,并引入耦合协调度数学模型及计算方法,以安徽省为例,对安徽省1990～2008年经济 旅游 生态环境耦合协调度进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,安徽省经济 旅游 生态环境耦合协调度总体呈上升趋势,但仍属于中等水平的勉强协调类型。近年来三者的耦合协调关系处于颉颃状态,生态环境已经成为制约耦合协调度进一步提高的瓶颈。