均匀火灾温场下隧道管片受力分析

对于以盾构方式修建的地铁,其隧道管片是主要的受力构件。在以热辐射为主的火灾中,会形成比较均匀的温度场。由于管片受热均匀,整周管片内部将产生均匀的热力荷载,加之地应力荷载使其应力分布更为复杂。使用FLAC3D模拟在以热辐射为主的火灾中,管片应力分布和变化特征。根据温度不同材料性质不同的客观事实,在模拟过程中随温度升高实时调整材料参数,使模拟结果更加准确。分析结果表明:最大水平压力上升比较快,1000℃时其比最大竖向压力大30%。最大值的位置分别对称于经过隧道轴线的水平和竖直面。总位移在400℃后明显增加,最大位移一般在隧道左右两侧。     

What floats your boat? Preference revelation from lotteries over complex goods

We examine a type of lottery used to distribute some publicly held resource access rights. The lottery provides participants with the opportunity to choose among a set of simple gambles over multi-attribute goods. Participant choices result in an endogenous distribution of success rates over gambles that reflects tradeoffs between the relative desirability of the available goods and the probability of winning. When lottery winnings are multi-attribute goods, lottery outcomes provide sufficient information to estimate hedonic prices, marginal utility, and marginal rates of substitution among attributes. We develop a model for characterizing preferences from this information set. We apply our model to Idaho?s Four Rivers Whitewater Recreation Lottery, which allows applicants to apply for one permit among a large set of alternative river/day combinations that provide varying river and weather characteristics. This lottery structure shows promise as a foundation for economic experiments for preference revelation.     

南水北调水源区黄姜产业的污染治理技术与对策

鄂西、鄂西北和陕西汉中地区,处于南水北调中线工程的水源区,同时也是我国黄姜产业最密集的地区,因此黄姜在加工生产过程中产生的大量污水势必会影响调水工程的供水安全。笔者本着高效、经济、简便的原则,采用三个步骤：1、中和,2、除有机质,3、脱色,对黄姜加工过程中产生的污水进行了治理。经过筛选,采用Na2CO3调整pH值,再利用引入的Na^ 离子和废液中的Cl^-离子电解氧化废液中大部分有机质．降低COD值,最后用沸石和活性污泥吸附法除色和进一步吸附未氧化完全的有机质。文章最后提出了综合治理方案。     

3D仿真游戏在煤矿安全生产培训管理系统中的应用

煤矿从业人员的安全素质与意识是决定煤矿安全生产的重要因素,教育和培训是提高煤矿从业人员素质与意识的有效手段,对煤矿安全生产具有非常重要的意义.川煤达竹公司运用现代信息技术手段,从系统理论出发,将煤矿生产过程作为一个完整的系统,从人、机、环境、管理四个系统要素着手,将3D仿真游戏应用于情景模拟培训,把从业人员培训分为情景式培训、互动式培训、视频式培训、手机短信培训和事故案例学习.提出人、机、环境系统协调的煤矿现代安全生产培训管理系统,有效提升了员工素质,实现了煤矿安全生产.     

露天矿边坡分层多次高压注浆机理研究及应用

通过分析劈裂注浆机理,建立了不同浆脉长度和起劈宽度的分层多次高压注浆技术浆脉作用模型,共10组,对分层多次高压注浆机理进行研究。结果表明,该注浆方式可形成具有充分扩展和延展的锚固体,能够提高锚固应力影响范围并优化锚固效果。选取我国典型露天矿边坡作为应用实例,分别进行普通单次常压和高压注浆、分层2次和4次高压注浆,并通过拉拔试验验证效果,得知分层4次高压注浆相对于常规注浆有更高的最大拉拔力,与数值模拟结果相符,说明该注浆方法能够有效地提高锚固体的作用效果,具有经济、高效、稳定性强的特点,为露天矿边坡加固提供了新的思路和方法。     

火电厂湿法脱硫系统中pH计及密度计的设计应用

针对火电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统中传统pH计及密度计的探头结垢磨损及测量管路堵塞频繁,导致pH和密度的测量出现偏差甚至数据失真这一问题,结合山西大土河焦化有限责任公司热电一分厂3×75t/h循环流化床锅炉烟气脱硫工程实例,着重介绍了改进型pH计的有效防堵塞安装方法及隔膜压力变送器代替传统密度计的设计原理及应用情况,为今后工程实践提供参考。     

UNITANK工艺特性及其基于ASM2D的模拟分析

UNITANK采用A/O工艺的空间结构,利用SBR工艺的控制策略,但也有其独特的性质。混掺现象对于UNITANK运行产生明显影响,建立UNITANK工艺模型必须考虑混掺,并将各个反应池建立不同的模型以反映这种现象;ASM2D与UNITANK工艺模型结合较好模拟了UNITANK运行的动态变化,对于控制和改造UNITANK工艺具有很好的指导意义。     

Intertemporal quota arbitrage in multispecies fisheries

In the management of natural resources, regulation often induces behavioral responses by resource users that ultimately undermine stated policy objectives. Examples of these unintended consequences have been associated with regulations ranging from the Endangered Species Act to laws governing clean air. In this paper we investigate an unintended behavioral response that can be triggered by conservation measures in multispecies fishery management, which leads to increased targeting of the species the conservation measures are meant to protect. Harvest is subject to stochastic variation, with output partially determined by the probability of encountering species of interest, either due to targeting or avoidance. Given the right conditions, an intertemporal arbitrage opportunity arises due to the fact that by targeting a stock in the current period, the probability of encountering that stock in the next period, when announced conservation measures are implemented, decreases. We present an empirical case study that supports the findings of the theoretical model. The results indicate that, by targeting so called weak stocks, some New England fishermen are willing to trade off increased costs today for increased expected profits in the future. To prevent the potentially harmful effects of this behavioral response, a manager may adopt precautionary provisions at the time a quota reduction is announced, or alternatively allow the industry to bank part of its current season's quota in order to alleviate the consequences of the reduction in the ensuing period. These results highlight the challenge of developing effective conservation strategies.     

The endowment effect,discounting and the environment

There is a considerable body of evidence showing that our preferences exhibit both reference dependence and loss aversion, a.k.a. the endowment effect. In this paper, we consider the implications of the endowment effect for discounting, with a special focus on discounting future improvements in the environment. We show that the endowment effect modifies the discount rate via (i) an instantaneous endowment effect and (ii) a reference-updating effect. Moreover we show that these two effects often combine to dampen the preference to smooth consumption over time. What this implies for discounting future environmental benefits may then depend critically on whether environmental quality is merely a factor of production of material consumption, or whether it is an amenity. On an increasing path of material consumption, dampened consumption smoothing implies a lower discount rate. But on a declining path of environmental quality and where we derive utility directly from environmental quality, it implies a higher discount rate. On non-monotonic paths, loss aversion specifically can give rise to substantial discontinuities in the discount rate.     

Bag leakage: The effect of disposable carryout bag regulations on unregulated bags

Leakage occurs when partial regulation of consumer products results in increased consumption of these products in unregulated domains. This article quantifies plastic leakage from the banning of plastic carryout bags. Using quasi-random policy variation in California, I find the elimination of 40 million pounds of plastic carryout bags is offset by a 12 million pound increase in trash bag purchases—with small, medium, and tall trash bag sales increasing by 120%, 64%, and 6%, respectively. The results further reveal 12–22% of plastic carryout bags were reused as trash bags pre-regulation and show bag bans shift consumers towards fewer but heavier bags. With a substantial proportion of carryout bags already reused in a way that avoided the manufacture and purchase of another plastic bag, policy evaluations that ignore leakage effects overstate the regulation's welfare gains.