3D仿真游戏在煤矿安全生产培训管理系统中的应用

煤矿从业人员的安全素质与意识是决定煤矿安全生产的重要因素,教育和培训是提高煤矿从业人员素质与意识的有效手段,对煤矿安全生产具有非常重要的意义.川煤达竹公司运用现代信息技术手段,从系统理论出发,将煤矿生产过程作为一个完整的系统,从人、机、环境、管理四个系统要素着手,将3D仿真游戏应用于情景模拟培训,把从业人员培训分为情景式培训、互动式培训、视频式培训、手机短信培训和事故案例学习.提出人、机、环境系统协调的煤矿现代安全生产培训管理系统,有效提升了员工素质,实现了煤矿安全生产.     

露天矿边坡分层多次高压注浆机理研究及应用

通过分析劈裂注浆机理,建立了不同浆脉长度和起劈宽度的分层多次高压注浆技术浆脉作用模型,共10组,对分层多次高压注浆机理进行研究。结果表明,该注浆方式可形成具有充分扩展和延展的锚固体,能够提高锚固应力影响范围并优化锚固效果。选取我国典型露天矿边坡作为应用实例,分别进行普通单次常压和高压注浆、分层2次和4次高压注浆,并通过拉拔试验验证效果,得知分层4次高压注浆相对于常规注浆有更高的最大拉拔力,与数值模拟结果相符,说明该注浆方法能够有效地提高锚固体的作用效果,具有经济、高效、稳定性强的特点,为露天矿边坡加固提供了新的思路和方法。     

火电厂湿法脱硫系统中pH计及密度计的设计应用

针对火电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统中传统pH计及密度计的探头结垢磨损及测量管路堵塞频繁,导致pH和密度的测量出现偏差甚至数据失真这一问题,结合山西大土河焦化有限责任公司热电一分厂3×75t/h循环流化床锅炉烟气脱硫工程实例,着重介绍了改进型pH计的有效防堵塞安装方法及隔膜压力变送器代替传统密度计的设计原理及应用情况,为今后工程实践提供参考。     

UNITANK工艺特性及其基于ASM2D的模拟分析

UNITANK采用A/O工艺的空间结构,利用SBR工艺的控制策略,但也有其独特的性质。混掺现象对于UNITANK运行产生明显影响,建立UNITANK工艺模型必须考虑混掺,并将各个反应池建立不同的模型以反映这种现象;ASM2D与UNITANK工艺模型结合较好模拟了UNITANK运行的动态变化,对于控制和改造UNITANK工艺具有很好的指导意义。     

Intertemporal quota arbitrage in multispecies fisheries

In the management of natural resources, regulation often induces behavioral responses by resource users that ultimately undermine stated policy objectives. Examples of these unintended consequences have been associated with regulations ranging from the Endangered Species Act to laws governing clean air. In this paper we investigate an unintended behavioral response that can be triggered by conservation measures in multispecies fishery management, which leads to increased targeting of the species the conservation measures are meant to protect. Harvest is subject to stochastic variation, with output partially determined by the probability of encountering species of interest, either due to targeting or avoidance. Given the right conditions, an intertemporal arbitrage opportunity arises due to the fact that by targeting a stock in the current period, the probability of encountering that stock in the next period, when announced conservation measures are implemented, decreases. We present an empirical case study that supports the findings of the theoretical model. The results indicate that, by targeting so called weak stocks, some New England fishermen are willing to trade off increased costs today for increased expected profits in the future. To prevent the potentially harmful effects of this behavioral response, a manager may adopt precautionary provisions at the time a quota reduction is announced, or alternatively allow the industry to bank part of its current season's quota in order to alleviate the consequences of the reduction in the ensuing period. These results highlight the challenge of developing effective conservation strategies.     

The endowment effect,discounting and the environment

There is a considerable body of evidence showing that our preferences exhibit both reference dependence and loss aversion, a.k.a. the endowment effect. In this paper, we consider the implications of the endowment effect for discounting, with a special focus on discounting future improvements in the environment. We show that the endowment effect modifies the discount rate via (i) an instantaneous endowment effect and (ii) a reference-updating effect. Moreover we show that these two effects often combine to dampen the preference to smooth consumption over time. What this implies for discounting future environmental benefits may then depend critically on whether environmental quality is merely a factor of production of material consumption, or whether it is an amenity. On an increasing path of material consumption, dampened consumption smoothing implies a lower discount rate. But on a declining path of environmental quality and where we derive utility directly from environmental quality, it implies a higher discount rate. On non-monotonic paths, loss aversion specifically can give rise to substantial discontinuities in the discount rate.     

Bag leakage: The effect of disposable carryout bag regulations on unregulated bags

Leakage occurs when partial regulation of consumer products results in increased consumption of these products in unregulated domains. This article quantifies plastic leakage from the banning of plastic carryout bags. Using quasi-random policy variation in California, I find the elimination of 40 million pounds of plastic carryout bags is offset by a 12 million pound increase in trash bag purchases—with small, medium, and tall trash bag sales increasing by 120%, 64%, and 6%, respectively. The results further reveal 12–22% of plastic carryout bags were reused as trash bags pre-regulation and show bag bans shift consumers towards fewer but heavier bags. With a substantial proportion of carryout bags already reused in a way that avoided the manufacture and purchase of another plastic bag, policy evaluations that ignore leakage effects overstate the regulation's welfare gains.     

Graduated stringency within collective incentives for group environmental compliance: Building coordination in field-lab experiments with artisanal gold miners in Colombia

Small-scale gold mining is important to rural livelihoods in the developing world but also a source of environmental externalities. Incentives for individual producers are the classic policy response for a socially efficient balance between livelihoods and the environment. Yet monitoring individual miners is ineffective, or it is very costly, especially on frontiers with scattered small-scale miners. We ask whether monitoring at a group level effectively incentivizes cleaner artisanal mining by combining lower-cost external monitoring with local collective action. We employ a mining-framed, threshold-public-goods experiment in Colombia's Pacific region, with 640 participants from frontier mining communities. To study compliance with collective environmental targets, we vary the target stringency, including to compare increases over time in the stringency versus decreases. We find that collective incentives can induce efficient equilibria, with group compliance – and even inefficient overcompliance – despite the existence of equilibria with zero contributions. Yet, for demanding targets in which the reward for compliance barely outweighs the cost, compliance can collapse. Those outcomes improve with past successes for easier targets, however, so our results suggest gain from building coordination via graduated stringency.     

Numerical simulation of a combined oxidation ditch flow using 3D k-ε turbulence model

The standard three dimensional(3D) k-ε turbulence model was applied to simulate the flow field of a small scale combined oxidation ditch. The moving mesh approach was used to model the rotor of the ditch. Comparison of the computed and the measured data is acceptable. A vertical reverse flow zone in the ditch was found, and it played a very important role in the ditch flow behavior. The flow pattern in the ditch is discussed in detail, and approaches are suggested to improve the hydrodynamic performance in the ditch.     

3D geometric structures and biological activity: Application to microbial soil organic matter decomposition in pore space

During the past 10 years, soil scientists have started to use 3D Computed Tomography in order to gain a clearer understanding of the geometry of soil structure and its relationships with soil properties. We propose a geometric model for the 3D representation of pore space and a practical method for its computation. Our basic idea consists in representing pore space using a minimal set of maximal balls (Delaunay spheres) recovering the shape skeleton. In this representation, each ball could be considered as a maximal local cavity corresponding to the “intuitive” notion of a pore as described in the literature. The space segmentation induced by the network of balls (pores) was then used to spatialize biological dynamics. Organic matter and microbial decomposers were distributed within the balls (pores). A valuated graph representing the pore network, organic matter and distribution of micro-organisms was then defined. Microbial soil organic matter decomposition was simulated by updating this valuated graph. The method was implemented and tested using real CT images. The model produced realistic simulated results when compared with data in the literature in terms of the water retention curve and carbon mineralization. A decrease in water pressure decreased carbon mineralization, which is also in accordance with findings in the literature. From our results we showed that the influence of water pressure on decomposition is a function of organic matter distribution in the pore space. As far as we know, this is the approach to have linked pore space geometry and biological dynamics in a formal way. Our next goal will be to compare the model with experimental data of decomposition using different soil structures, and to define geometric typologies of pore space shape that can be attached to specific biological and dynamic properties.