铜尾矿库重金属Cu、Zn对细菌群落结构的影响

以湖北某铜矿尾矿库为主要研究对象,采集库内尾矿样品11个、对照样某小型废弃尾矿库尾矿样品2个和附近耕地土壤样品1个,采用变性梯度凝胶电泳方法对上述样品中细菌的16S rRNA V3~V6可变区扩增片段进行分析,利用分析得到的图谱数据与所测得样品的理化性质及重金属Cu、Zn含量进行相关性及冗余度(RDA)分析.结果表明,尾矿库内Cu、Zn污染严重并波及周边,与尾矿样品的理化性质存在不同的相关性,其中Zn的污染程度与有机质存在极显著正相关[R=0.668(P<0.01)].DGGE图谱分析结果发现,样品细菌多样性较低,相似性较高(最低相似度53.1%),优势菌群相对稳定,PCA分析表明,Cu和Zn对细菌多样性具有抑制作用.RDA分析结果说明Cu和Zn的含量对细菌种群分布影响很大,Cu对大部分种群具有抑制作用,而Zn一方面能促进某些种属数量,另一方面又能抑制其他种群的结构变化,这种影响并不是实验室研究的简单线性关系.     

PCR-DGGE技术在内源细菌选择性激活过程中的应用

分子生态学技术的发展大大促进了人们对环境中微生物群落的认识,也为研究油藏微生物群落提供了一个新的工具.在模拟油藏条件下,应用PCRDGGE技术研究激活剂的注入对油藏微生物群落结构的影响,考察了激活过程中菌群结构的变化情况.分析了常压（1 MPa）和高压（10 MPa）下内源激活DGGE条带变化,进行了激活过程中的PCR序列分析,考察了激活不同阶段中的优势菌,将优势条带序列构建系统发育树,并对激活过程中主要内源菌所在类群分析.结果表明,高压条件下,优势菌群结构与常压下差异较大,常压激活和高压激活细菌类群数量变化差异显著;激活后,优势菌的种类有所增加,群落结构也发生了变化.激活前,优势菌是芽孢杆菌,而激活剂的加入使变形菌的在种类上得到增加.     

Monitoring microbial community structure and succession of an A/O SBR during start-up period using PCR-DGGE

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) protocol was employed for revealing microbial community structure and succession in a sequential anaerobic and aerobic reactor performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) during start-up period.High phosphorus removal was achieved after 15 d.On day 30, phosphorus removal efficiency reached to 83.2% and the start-up was finished.DGGE profiles of periodical sludge samples showed that dominant microbial species were 19 OTUs (operational taxonomy unit ).Unweighted pair-group method using Arithmetic averages (UPGMA clustering analysis revealed that rapid community succession correlated to lower phosphorus removal rate and higher phosphorus removal efficiency reflected on steady community structure.Sequencing results indicated that determined sequences (12 OTUs) belonged to proteobacterium, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadales and unaffiliate group.Proteobacterium, Tetrasphaera elongate and Gemmatimonas aurantiaca may act important roles in phosphorus removal.With little amount as known glycogen accumulating organisms, Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis still at accumulating-phase had limited influence on microbial community structure.When climax community was obtained, dominant microbes were 14 OTUs.Microbes in a large amount were uncultured bacterium, Thauera sp., uncultured γ-Proteobacterium and Tetrasphaera elongata.     

碳源类型对污水生物处理过程中氧化亚氮释放的影响

碳源是污水生物处理过程中N2O释放的重要影响因素.本试验以不同碳源（葡萄糖、乙酸钠和淀粉）条件下的SBR反应器为研究对象,分析了碳源类型对于N2O释放的影响作用.结果发现,N2O释放主要发生在好氧段,且释放总量受碳源影响,以乙酸钠为碳源的反应器产生的N2O最多,释放速率最大,其次为葡萄糖,淀粉最少,N2O转化率分别为7...     

Methanogenic community dynamics in anaerobic co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste and food waste

A lab-scale continuously-stirred tank reactor (CSTR), used for anaerobic co-digestion of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and food waste (FW) at different mixture ratios, was operated for 178 days at the organic loading rate of 3 kg VS (volatile solids)/(m³.day). The dynamics of the Archaeal community and the correlations between environmental variables and methanogenic community structure were analyzed by polymerase chain reactions - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and redundancy analysis (RDA), respectively. PCR-DGGE results demonstrated that the mixture ratio of FVW to FW altered the community composition of Archaea. As the FVW/FW ratio increased, Methanoculleus, Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina became the predominant methanogens in the community. Redundancy analysis results indicated that the shift of the methanogenic community was significantly correlated with the composition of acidogenic products and methane production yield. Different mixture ratios of substrates led to different compositions of intermediate metabolites, which may affect the methanogenic community. These results suggested that the analysis of microbial communities could be used to diagnose anaerobic processes.     

Community analysis of ammonia oxidizer in the oxygen-limited nitritation stage of OLAND system by DGGE of PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments and FISH

IntroductionSustainablewastewatertreatmentsystemsarebeingdevelopedthatminimizeenergyconsumption ,CO2 emission ,andsludgeproduction .However,thesesystemstypicallyyieldeffluentsrichinammonium nitrogen(NH 4 N)andpoorinbiodegradableorganiccarbon ,therebymaki…     

Diversity surveys of soil bacterial community by cultivation--based methods and molecular fingerprinting techniques

By combining the cultivation methods with molecular fingerprinting techniques, the diversity surveys of soil bacterial community in 13 areas of China were carded out. The cultivable heterotrophic diversity was investigated by colony morphology on solid LB medium. Genetic diversity was measured as bands on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) by the extraction and purification of the total soil DNA, and amplification of bacterial 16S rDNA fragments by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The Shannon-Wiener indices of diversity(H), richness(S) and evenness(EH) were employed to estimate the diversity of soil bacterial community. The results showed that there was an obvious diversification existed in soil from the different areas. However, the genetic diverslty estimated by PCR-DGGE can provide more comprehensive information on bacterial community than the cultivation-based methods. Therefore, it is suggested to combine the traditional methods with genetic fingerprinting techniques to survey and estimate soil bacterial diversity.     

微生物分子生态学进展[综述]

现代分子生物学技术在生态学研究中的应用大大推动了微生物生态学的发展,导致了微生物分子生态学的产生．微生物分子生态学方法弥补了传统的微生物生态学方法的不足,使人们可以避开传统的分离培养过程而直接探讨自然界中微生物的种群结构及其与环境的关系．微生物生态学研究中采用的分子生物学方法主要有核酸探针技术、ＰＣＲ扩增技术、ｒＲＮＡ序列同源性分析方法、剃度凝胶电泳方法等．这些技术方法的采用,取得了一系列重要的成果和微生物生态学研究中的突破［１～６］,使得对某些微生物的研究成为可能,并在分子水平上阐述了生态问题…     

微生物分子生态学进展

This paper summarizes some molecular techniques applied in the studies on microbial ecology,such as hybridization of nucleic acid probes,ampification of polymerase chain reaction,denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and analyses of ribosomal RNA gene sequences,and the progress,performance,achievements and advances made from the researches of microbial ecology in recent years by using these molecular techniques．     

Atrazine,chlorpyrifos, and iprodione effect on the biodiversity of bacteria,actinomycetes, and fungi in a pilot biopurification system with a green cover

The use of biopurification systems can mitigate the effects of pesticide contamination on farms. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pesticide dissipation on microbial communities in a pilot biopurification system. The pesticide dissipation of atrazine, chlorpyrifos and iprodione (35 mg kg^?1 active ingredient [a.i.]) and biological activity were determined for 40 days. The microbial communities (bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi) were analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). In general, pesticide dissipation was the highest by day 5 and reached 95%. The pesticides did not affect biological activity during the experiment. The structure of the actinomycete and bacterial communities in the rhizosphere was more stable during the evaluation than that in the communities in the control without pesticides. The rhizosphere fungal communities, detected using DGGE, showed small and transitory shifts with time. To conclude, rhizosphere microbial communities were not affected during pesticide dissipation in a pilot biopurification system.