基于自组织映射与随机森林耦合模型的流域水质空间差异性评估

流域水环境质量空间分布特征分析是推进流域精细化管理的基础.本研究基于流域特征指标与水质的关联性,以子流域为分析单元,利用自组织映射人工神经网络模型（SOM）对苕溪流域水质数据聚类分析为3类后与随机森林模型（RF）进行耦合,对全流域水质进行了空间差异性评估.研究结果显示,上游山地区域水质较好,而平原河网人口集聚区的COD_Mn、NH₃-N及TP浓度较高,山地与平原过渡地带水质则主要受到COD_Mn和TN的影响.采用自然环境、社会经济及土地利用/覆盖指标作为流域特征进行水质分级模式识别,SOM与RF模型耦合模型的准确率稳定在80%左右;在对强相关性特征进行筛选识别后,将蒸发蒸腾量、坡度、人口密度、大于10℃积温、旱地占比、城镇用地占比及景观多样性指数为作为输入特征,准确率可达83%,可以有效地开展全流域水质分级评估.     

基于遥感影像的城市震害模拟

探讨了基于遥感影像图进行城市地震灾害模拟的可行性，提出了一套利用GIS栅格分析功能进行城市地震灾害模拟的方法。详细论述了一种从TM／ETM＋遥感影像图提取群体建筑物专题信息并创建群体建筑物栅格的方法，以及场地地震动峰值加速度（PGA）衰减栅格、工程场地条件栅格的创建方法。结合调查资料，对某市群体建筑物进行了基于栅格的地震破坏模拟，得到了可信的地震灾害模拟结果，说明基于栅格分析城市地震灾害具有可行性。     

灾害地图与灾害研究

灾害地图，作为一种专题地图，是地图方法在灾害研究中运用的基础。本文就灾害地图的组成、分类、编制、应用等问题作了探讨。     

自然灾害多媒体地图传输功能研究

论述了自然灾害地图传输的传统模式与现代模式,通过基于计算机多媒体技术编制自然灾害地图的实践,给出了自然灾害多媒体地图语言系统,指出现代自然灾害多媒体地图具有导读传输,实景传输和动态变化传输输等特殊功能;多媒体地图符号与注记的动态设计与自然灾害地图可视化传输功能具有重要影响;多媒体皎互性与超媒体结构实现了人性化的自然灾害地图传输功能;自然灾害多媒体地图是一种更突出人工智能的加工产品和便于用户接受的实     

An economic and environmental framework for analyzing globally sourced auto parts packaging system

Competitive forces are driving US domestic manufacturers to source parts globally, which significantly extends their supply chain and introduces new sustainability concerns. This paper addresses the situation from an operating division manager's perspective. We present an approach to packaging system assessment which considers the division manager's span of control, addresses the design of packaging and the corresponding logistics processes, and incorporates both cost and environmental impacts. A construct familiar to operations managers, the value stream map, is adapted to model material flow of both parts and packages, and an integrated material flow analysis is used as the common basis for cost analysis, a modified life cycle environmental impact analysis, and an energy consumption analysis. The framework is illustrated using a case study of a major US automaker.     

踩踏事故预防监控领域科学知识图谱研究*

为解决踩踏事故预防监控领域发展现状、发展趋势及发展脉络不清晰问题,运用可视化软件CiteSpace,对Web of Science核心合集及中国知网收集到的365篇相关文献开展知识图谱研究。结果表明:中国在踩踏事故预防监控领域发文量最多,占40.6%,其次为美国,占15.4%,29个国家间仅有25条合作连线;国内外研究热点集中于卷积神经网络等计算机视觉技术在踩踏事故预防监控领域应用;针对“踩踏事故预防监控”领域涵盖学术外延范围,国内外存在一定差别;梳理获得踩踏事故预防领域3条主要发展路径;以深度学习为主的技术研究是当前及未来一段时间研究热点。     

国内外典型大气腐蚀图及其绘制

大气腐蚀图描述了给定地域金属及金属镀层在大气环境中的腐蚀严酷度,可为装备钢结构的保护措施和长期维修方案的制定提供参考。国内外已绘制了很多大气腐蚀图,但由于国内相关人员对腐蚀图不甚了解,阻碍了大气腐蚀图在装备环境适应性设计中的应用。简要介绍了5类典型大气腐蚀等级图的绘制。     

水利工程高危作业人因评价体系中的认知图理论研究

为加强水利工程施工安全管理和预防事故发生,通过建立认知地图对高危作业中的人为因素进行了分析。在修订的人为因素分析与分类系统(HFACS)对高危作业人为因素进行识别的基础上,通过引入认知地图理论,建立了人为因素的因果认知地图并进行头节点、尾节点和中心性分析;提出认知广度和认知深度概念,通过数理统计各人为因素出现的频数和采用G1法求其各因素权重,建立二维平面认知地图,对事故的关键影响因素进行了识别和分析。结果表明:教育培训、作业环境和人员健康状况是导致高危作业事故最核心因素,该方法能有效对水利工程人为因素进行分析研究,具有一定适用性。     

Community-scale analysis of the farmland abandonment occurrence process in the mountain region of Ladakh,India

Farmland abandonment has been a significant issue in mountain regions. Thus, many studies have attempted to uncover its driving factors. Most existing studies take a large- or meso-scale view of mountain regions, and there are a few studies that provide community-level analysis. Therefore, it is unclear how ecological and sociopolitical factors are actually combined to influence farmland abandonment at a community level. Thus, we conducted a field survey in the mountain village of Ladakh, northern India, beginning in 2009 and tried to understand the farmland abandonment occurrence process from the viewpoint of traditional altitudinal models of land use. Using data collected during the survey, a relationship between altitude and farmland abandonment was established. However, this relationship was complex, combining traditional forms of land use system in the village. The altitudinal model of land use was very common in mountain regions; thus, discussions of current land use issues should be based on an understanding of such traditional altitudinal systems.