微生物水处理剂液可清(ACF32)应用于西坝河污染水治理的研究

旨在验证液可清(ACF32)治理河流污染的能力并探索相应的技术方法.对运用液可清(ACF32)治理西坝河污染进行了研究,发现液可清(ACF32)在水环境状况极为复杂的西坝河中对去除CODcr、TN、TP、浊度仍有较好的效果.并能起到修复生态系统的作用.对用液可清(ACF32)治理河流污染的技术提出了建议.     

草浆造纸黑液ASF(活性炭、硫酸钠、糠醛)综合利用工艺研究

据统计,1988年我国造纸企业已达5360个,产量达1270×10~4t,其中近5000个为年产5000t以下的小草浆厂,产量占总产量的43 ％左右.这些小草浆厂大多采用碱法制浆,这部分制浆蒸煮黑液,绝大多数直接排放江河,造成严重污染.开发多方面的综合利用途径,使草浆黑液变废为利,是一项有意义的研究课题,我们所开展的草浆造纸黑液ASF综合利用工艺,是一种将黑液作为制取活性炭、硫酸钠、糠醛的资源,同时也使其中绝大多数污染物得到去除的工艺.     

油炉法碳黑生产线清洁生产探讨

文中通过油炉法生产碳黑工艺，本着节能、降耗、减污、增效，清洁生产的全新思想，结合碳黑行业清洁生产实际，分析该行业能源、原材料、技术工艺、控制过程、设备、产品、管理、员工及废弃物排放点，探讨各工艺环节清洁生产潜力，提出清洁生产方案。     

Aluminium and fluoride concentrations of three tea varieties growing at Lantau Island,Hong Kong

The present project aims to investigate aluminium (Al) and fluoride (F) contents in teas (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Three different commercial tea varieties: Assam variety and two China sub-varieties, a large leafed variety and small leafed variety, were collected in two tea gardens of Lantau Island tea plantation of Hong Kong. In general, high concentrations of Al and F were accumulated in the mature leaves (15.3 and of 2.07 g kg^–1 respectively). Among the three varieties, the small leafed variety exhibited the highest Al and F contents followed by the large leafed variety whereas the Assam variety had the lowest Al and F concentrations in its tea bushes. Tea products from a plantation were also analysed and it was noted that black tea had higher Al and F concentrations than green tea. The amount of Al and F released into tea liquor was also tested and the results showed that higher concentrations of Al and F were released into tea liquor under repeated infusion method than continuous infusion method.     

Scaling Uncertainties in Estimating Canopy Foliar Maintenance Respiration for Black Spruce Ecosystems in Alaska

A major challenge confronting the scientific community is to understand both patterns of and controls over spatial and temporal variability of carbon exchange between boreal forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. An understanding of the sources of variability of carbon processes at fine scales and how these contribute to uncertainties in estimating carbon fluxes is relevant to representing these processes at coarse scales. To explore some of the challenges and uncertainties in estimating carbon fluxes at fine to coarse scales, we conducted a modeling analysis of canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems of Alaska by scaling empirical hourly models of foliar maintenance respiration (R_m) to estimate canopy foliar R_m for individual stands. We used variation in foliar N concentration among stands to develop hourly stand-specific models and then developed an hourly pooled model. An uncertainty analysis identified that the most important parameter affecting estimates of canopy foliar R_m was one that describes R_m at 0 ^∘C per g N, which explained more than 55% of variance in annual estimates of canopy foliar R_m. The comparison of simulated annual canopy foliar R_m identified significant differences between stand-specific and pooled models for each stand. This result indicates that control over foliar N concentration should be considered in models that estimate canopy foliar R_m of black spruce stands across the landscape. In this study, we also temporally scaled the hourly stand-level models to estimate canopy foliar R_m of black spruce stands using mean monthly temperature data. Comparisons of monthly R_m between the hourly and monthly versions of the models indicated that there was very little difference between the estimates of hourly and monthly models, suggesting that hourly models can be aggregated to use monthly input data with little loss of precision. We conclude that uncertainties in the use of a coarse-scale model for estimating canopy foliar R_m at regional scales depend on uncertainties in representing needle-level respiration and on uncertainties in representing the spatial variability of canopy foliar N across a region. The development of spatial data sets of canopy foliar N represents a major challenge in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration at regional scales.     

滇池流域水资源开发利用规划

滇池流域现年缺水达１８亿ｍ３，水资源除年内分配不均，年际变化大外，区内分布也不尽合理，同时还面临滇池水体恶化问题。根据“优化内部结构，外域引水济昆，控制城市规模，持续稳定发展”战略，分期制订了开发利用方案。除在近、中期完成松滇联合调度、黄石岩水库、给水管网改造、西园隧洞工程和云龙水库、岔河抽水站、引水道工程外，尚须在远期将昆明的城市规模控制在２００万人，供水人口控制在２８０万人左右。     

防护林建设对滇池流域生态环境的有利影响

滇池目前森林覆盖率仅２２９％，水土流失面积却达９６４９６ｋｍ２。对现有３６９７９７ｈａ宜林地实施工程造林后，预计２０１０年森林覆盖率可提高到４７％，土壤侵蚀模数减少６４８２９ｔ／ｋｍ２·ａ、森林固土能力增加２２３９７万ｍ３，每年分别减少入湖氮、磷４７４ｔ和３８１ｔ，还可促进森林生态系统的良性循环，促进农村经济和当地旅游业的发展。     

Cr6+对人血红细胞膜的损伤及茶多酚对其保护作用的分子机理研究

采用TBA(thiobatbrturic acid)法和ESR自旅标记技术,测定了无机致癌物重铬酸钾(Cr~(6+))对红细胞膜的蛋白巯基和磷脂的作用,结果表明,Cr~(6+)引发红细胞膜产生脂质过氧化的同时,膜上蛋白巯基构象和磷脂的流动性发生改变.而茶多酚对Cr~(6+)引起红细胞膜上的这些变化均有明显抑制作用.     

电解法处理造纸清黑液的研究

采用电解法处理造纸清黑液,利用电解氧化去除水中有机物,降低废水的COD.电解槽中电流密度,氯离子含量、pH值、电极板间的距离等是影响电解处理效果的重要因素.采用氢氧化钙对电解处理后的清黑液进行苛化处理,处理后废水可以用于蒸煮.     

茶多酚清除自由基和抗氧化作用的研究

本文用化学发光法和TBA法测定了GTP对不同反应体系产生的氧自由基的清除作用,结果表明,GTP对X/XO和PMA刺激的PMN体系中产生的化学发光强度的清除作用均有量效关系,GTP对PMA刺激的PMN和红细胞膜体系在TBA反应中产生的MDA的抑制作用亦均有量效关系。