地理信息与减灾工作

对自然灾害的深入认识是进行减灾工作的思想基础，这种认识必须依靠专题地理信息的分析结果。灾害往往伴随在人类与自然系统的交互作用中。利用ＧＩＳ能帮助人们更好地实现对环境数据的分析与综合能力，并提供制定减灾工作所需的决策依据。     

山东日照市东港区震害损失动态初步预测

本文以山东省日照市东港区为例，以其１９９０年基础数据和１９９０年静态震害人员、财产损失预测为基础，以未来５年预测的房屋、人口、财产变化结果为变量，给出了动态震害人员、财产损失预测的方法及其初步预测结果。该方法还可以根据房屋、人口、财产的实际变化情况，实现“滚动式”的震害人员、财产损失预测。     

灾害中人员死亡的货币损失估算方法

本文重点探讨了自然灾害造成的人员死亡货币损失的估算方法，将个人未来收入的现值作为衡量损失大小的标准。在对实际灾情进行估算之后，结合中国的社会经济特点，指出了中国进行此项工作的必要性及其困难所在。     

Australia's organized response to natural disaster: Background and theoretical analysis

An analysis of organizations involved in response to disaster within Australia is offered. The location of these key organizations within the existing institutional framework, and a discussion of the functions of each, together with the relationships between them is provided. Particular emphasis is placed on the location and role of the State and Territory Emergency Service organizations (S/TES's) within this organizational network. The paper suggests there are a number of constraints that operate upon the S/TES's which prejudice both the effectiveness of this organizational type and that of the entire organizational network. These constraints are analyzed in terms of power and influence variables. The outcome of this discussion is the development of a taxonomy of Australia's counter-disaster organizations that is based on: (1) the ability of individual organizations within the network to determine the role which it will perform; and (2) the potential of the organization to influence the direction of the network.     

The interplay between climate change and disaster risk reduction policy: evidence from Mexico

Mexico gained worldwide reputation for its efforts to develop both climate change (CC) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) policies at the national and international levels. However, the integration of agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Hyogo and Sendai Frameworks into the national institutional setting has been challenging in terms of creating a coherent national risk reduction policy. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the interplay between DRR and CC domains; it provides evidence for the situation in Mexico by comparing the institutions and main actors in both fields as well as the financial and operational instruments currently in force. The comparison is based on institutions’ jurisdictions, priorities and lines of action. This paper synthesises the most important policy instruments, their meeting points and their contradictions and discusses the implications of such policy setting for the implementation of effective CC risk policies. The study depicts a fragmented policy interface with serious shortcomings in terms of the institutional design necessary to coordinate actions. The article concludes that, despite the multiple conceptual and political intersections between both policy fields, the implementation of specific, shared actions would hardly overcome the difficulties imposed by the current, fragmented normative frameworks and jurisdictions.     

A policymaking perspective on disaster risk reduction in Mozambique

Academics and practitioners alike emphasise that public policy plays a key role to support efforts to reduce disaster risks and to buffer the impacts of natural hazards when they occur. This involves developing public policies to promote disaster risk reduction (DRR). However, the public policy dimension has only recently begun to receive attention in empirical research on DRR. Processes of policy change are discussed, yet less often studied, and more empirical research is needed to advance the understanding of the conditions for DRR policy change. Combining insights from adaptation research and public policy theory, this study investigates the long-term development of DRR policy in Mozambique as perceived by multiple stakeholders. The study identifies barriers and enabling factors influencing the DRR policy process over time. Using data from 37 semi-structured interviews, the study finds six main enabling factors supporting DRR policy change. Among the most important enabling factors are past disasters and broad stakeholder involvement. The study also unveils several barriers to DRR policy change, including resource insufficiency and lack of coordination among stakeholders. The study concludes with suggestions for integrating DRR and policy process research and lessons for policymaking in support of DRR over time.     

The social consequences of a natural/technological disaster: evidence from Louisiana and Mississippi

Disaster scholarship shows that people’s relationships stay the same or improve after natural disasters and become worse after technological, or human-induced, events. Using the case of Katrina, this research explores what happens to people’s relationships after a disaster that began with a catastrophic natural event and was followed by numerous failures in the way human institutions responded to the event. Through an analysis of survey data collected in devastated areas of Louisiana and Mississippi in 2008, this study tests how consequences of both natural (damage to the home and having to leave the home) and technological events (distrust in government, stress, concern about toxic exposure, and pursuing litigation) affect people’s relationships with family members and community groups. Damage to the home, distrust in government, and the pursuit of litigation lead to declines in people’s relationships. These experiences are more likely to change intimate relationships (with family) than relationships in the broader community. The relevance that these findings have for creating better social justice outcomes after future disasters is discussed.     

论灾害医学及灾后的医疗卫生保障

文中对灾害医学的诞生和发展,灾害医学的特点以及灾害医学的任务进行了论述,并对军队在灾后救援中的作用作出客观的评价。     

太湖流域1991年洪涝灾害的原因分析与治理对策建议

本文扼要叙述了太湖流域1991年的灾害概况,从气候、地形和水系特征等方面说明太湖流域存在发生洪涝灾害的自然条件,指出人为不恰当活动是加剧洪涝灾害的不可忽视的原因.最后对治理对策提出了六点建议.     

甘肃省滑坡泥石流灾害及其减灾对策

本文分析了甘肃省滑坡灾害成因的内在因素、环境因素以及外部触发因素,划分出了甘肃省的滑坡、泥石流灾害区。最后,提出了防灾减灾的对策。