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131.
本文对我国目前在防减灾工程性措施方面存在的问题进行了分析探讨,阐述了在目前国情下强化减灾的非工程性措施的必要性和重要性,并对减灾的非工程性措施的具体作法进行了论述。 相似文献
132.
Nell R. Britton 《Disasters》1987,11(2):120-133
Tropical Cyclone "Namu" struck the Pacific nation of the Solomon Islands during 18-20th May 1986. It was sthe most serious natural disaster in the Solomons in lining memory. Nearly a third of the total population of 267,000 were diriven from their homes and 150 people were killed, with damage estimates beginning in AUD 25 million. It has been estimated by the Solomon Islands Ministry of Economic Planning that it will take seven years for the economy to recover. This paper discusses the major events of the disaster episode by employing the Powell and Rayner model of "disaster-time." Factors relating to current disaster Planning and management within the Solomon Islands are outlined. The paper also highlights assistance provided by Australla during the Post-impact sequence and illustrates the type of general disaster preparatory support which Australia provides to South pacific. 相似文献
133.
灾害中的医疗救护及灾害医学 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文根据国内外的先进经验,结合我国的实际情况对灾害医学的慨念、特点、工作性质和范围进行了探讨,并结合我国灾害医学的现状提出相应的对策。 相似文献
134.
The risk posed by natural hazards to the technological systems is known as Natech risk. It is different from the more widely known and studied risk posed by such sites to the environment and society. Though currently, available risk assessment techniques recognize Natech, the specific qualitative technique for Natech risk assessment and reduction has not yet been developed. After analyzing past data of Natech accidents, relevant guide words have been suggested in this study. These guide words will help anticipate Natech risk and visualize the Natech scenario. Once the Natech risk is identified, corresponding risk reduction measures can be taken to avoid possible Natech accidents and consequences. 相似文献
135.
海河流域近500年大旱大涝时空特征及趋势预测 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
作者选择记录年代较长、系统性较好、分布均匀的十八个站作为海河流域的代表站,分别统计了近500年及每世纪、各年代大旱大涝的出现频数,探讨了它的时空分布特征。还根据天文、气候背景制作了1995~2010年旱涝趋势预测。研究表明,1995~2010年海河流域大致处于太阳活动23周的黑子低值位相和第24周的高值位相之间,同时又处在太阳黑子世纪周期的下降段。从全国旱涝型指数和北京地区旱涝等级变化曲线看,目前海河流域正处于持续下降期,未来将进入湿润多雨阶段 相似文献
136.
137.
自然灾害等级划分及灾情比较模型探讨 总被引:30,自引:1,他引:30
作者参照灰色关联分析方法,提出了一种自然灾害等级划分和灾情比较的模型,应用该模型,在计算出关联度后,很容易得到灾害分级和灾情比较的结果。此外,该模型对分级 指标项数没有限制,故有很强的灵活和实用性。 相似文献
138.
Jean-Christophe Gaillard Catherine C. Liamzon Jessica D. Villanueva 《Environmental Hazards》2013,12(4):257-270
Between 14 November and 4 December 2004, four successive tropical depressions and typhoons lashed the Eastern coast of Luzon in the Philippines. Heavy rainfall triggered massive landslides and devastating flash floods, which brought tremendous damage and killed more than 1600 people. Immediately after the disaster, there was a media and political consensus to incrimate ‘extraordinary’ natural phenomena and widespread deforestation as responsible for the catastrophe. We argue that the tragedy that befell the municipalities of General Nakar, Infanta and Real, among other devastated areas, is enmeshed in a deeper tangle of causal factors that are political, socio-economic and demographic in nature. These factors include unmanaged population growth, difficult access to land and resources, corruption within the government, and power of the elite. 相似文献
139.
《Environmental Hazards》2013,12(2):45-46
Abstract This paper examines long-term recovery outcomes of businesses impacted by major natural disasters. Data were collected via two large-scale mail surveys—one administered to Santa Cruz County, California businesses 8 years after the Loma Prieta earthquake and the other administered to businesses in South Dade County, Florida, 6 years after Hurricane Andrew. Based on the results of OLS regression models, we argue that long-term recovery experiences of businesses are affected by various factors, including the economic sector in which a business operates, its age and financial condition, and the scope of its primary market; direct and indirect disaster impacts, including physical damage, forced closure, and disruption of operations; and owner perceptions of the broader economic climate. Previous disaster experience, level of disaster preparedness, and use of external sources of aid were not found to significantly affect the long-term economic viability of businesses in the two study communities. 相似文献
140.
This paper examines what organizations and groups individuals rely on to help prepare for natural disasters and how reliance differs vis-à-vis demographic characteristics. Using data gathered from 2,008 individuals employed in the United States, the results revealed that individuals are significantly more likely to rely on friends and family than government organizations at the local, state, and federal level. The findings also suggest that this reliance varies across demographic groups. For example, data from the present study suggest that women and minority groups as well as individuals who are older and less educated are significantly more likely to rely on organizations to help prepare for natural disasters. This study contributes to the disaster management and risk communication literatures by offering key insights into the organizations and groups the American public in general, and certain demographic groups in particular, rely on when it comes to preparing for natural disasters. Knowledge about the organizations and groups that individuals rely on to help prepare for natural disasters can help policymakers and practitioners target those organizations as conduits to deliver critical preparedness information, as well as other information related to disaster mitigation, response, and recovery. 相似文献